Articles

Amyloid-β peptides in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies

One of the major challenges in diagnosing dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the common co-morbid presence of amyloid pathology. To understand the putative role of altered amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism in dementia...

Authors: Inger van Steenoven, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Philip Scheltens, Charlotte E. Teunissen and Afina W. Lemstra

Endo-lysosomal proteins and ubiquitin CSF concentrations in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease

Increasing evidence implicates dysfunctional proteostasis and the involvement of the autophagic and endo-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disea...

Authors: Simon Sjödin, Gunnar Brinkmalm, Annika Öhrfelt, Lucilla Parnetti, Silvia Paciotti, Oskar Hansson, John Hardy, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg and Ann Brinkmalm

CSF evidence of pericyte damage in Alzheimer’s disease is associated with markers of blood-brain barrier dysfunction and disease pathology

We aimed to assess the relationship between levels of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker of pericyte damage, soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (sPDGFRβ) and CSF markers of blood-brain barrier (...

Authors: J. S. Miners, P. G. Kehoe, S. Love, H. Zetterberg and K. Blennow

Visual hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease do not seem to be associated with chronic hypoperfusion of to visual processing areas V2 and V3 but may be associated with reduced cholinergic input to these areas

Up to 20% of patients with AD experience hallucinations. The pathological substrate is not known. Visual hallucinations (VH) are more common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In autopsy studies, up to 60% of...

Authors: Lindsey Isla Sinclair, Amit Kumar, Taher Darreh-Shori and Seth Love

Sleep experiences during different lifetime periods and in vivo Alzheimer pathologies

Very little is known for the direction or causality of the relationship between lifetime sleep experiences and in vivo Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies. This study aimed to examine the relationship between...

Authors: Young Min Choe, Min Soo Byun, Dahyun Yi, Jun Ho Lee, So Yeon Jeon, Bo Kyung Sohn, Yu Kyeong Kim, Seong A Shin, Chul-Ho Sohn, Yu Jin Lee and Dong Young Lee

Discordant amyloid-β PET and CSF biomarkers and its clinical consequences

In vivo, high cerebral amyloid-β load has been associated with (i) reduced concentrations of Aβ₄₂ in cerebrospinal fluid and (ii) increased retention using amyloid-β positron emission tomography. Although these t...

Authors: Arno de Wilde, Juhan Reimand, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Marissa Zwan, Albert D. Windhorst, Ronald Boellaard, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Philip Scheltens, Bart N. M. van Berckel, Femke Bouwman and Rik Ossenkoppele

ABIDE Delphi study: topics to discuss in diagnostic consultations in memory clinics

Information given to patients and caregivers during the clinician-patient encounter varies considerably between memory clinic professionals. Patients and caregivers express a clear desire for more information....

Authors: Agnetha D. Fruijtier, Leonie N. C. Visser, Ingrid S. van Maurik, Marissa D. Zwan, Femke H. Bouwman, Wiesje M. van der Flier and Ellen M. A. Smets

The “rights” of precision drug development for Alzheimer’s disease

There is a high rate of failure in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug development with 99% of trials showing no drug-placebo difference. This low rate of success delays new treatments for patients and discourages i...

Authors: Jeffrey Cummings, Howard H. Feldman and Philip Scheltens

Enhancement of tripartite synapses as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease: a preclinical study in rTg4510 mice

The lack of effective treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is of momentous societal concern. Synaptic loss is the hallmark of AD that correlates best with impaired memory and occurs early in the dise...

Authors: Joshua B. Foster, Rashelle Lashley, Fangli Zhao, Xueqin Wang, Nydia Kung, Candice C. Askwith, Lin Lin, Michael W. Shultis, Kevin J. Hodgetts and Chien-Liang Glenn Lin

Use of mild cognitive impairment and prodromal AD/MCI due to AD in clinical care: a European survey

The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to cognitive impairment not meeting dementia criteria. A survey among members of the American Association of Neurology (AAN) showed that MCI was consider...

Authors: Daniela Bertens, Stephanie Vos, Patrick Kehoe, Henrike Wolf, Flavio Nobili, Alexandre Mendonça, Ineke van Rossum, Jacub Hort, Jose Luis Molinuevo, Michael Heneka, Ron Petersen, Philip Scheltens and Pieter Jelle Visser

Souvenaid in the management of mild cognitive impairment: an expert consensus opinion

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among an aging global population is a growing challenge for healthcare providers and payers. In many cases, MCI is an ominous portent for dementia. Early and accurate diagnosis ...

Authors: Jeffrey Cummings, Peter Passmore, Bernadette McGuinness, Vincent Mok, Christopher Chen, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Michael Woodward, Sagrario Manzano, Guillermo Garcia-Ribas, Stefano Cappa, Paulo Bertolucci and Leung-Wing Chu

Prediction of amyloid pathology in cognitively unimpaired individuals using voxel-wise analysis of longitudinal structural brain MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has unveiled specific alterations at different stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiologic continuum constituting what has been established as “AD signature”. To what e...

Authors: Paula M. Petrone, Adrià Casamitjana, Carles Falcon, Miquel Artigues, Grégory Operto, Raffaele Cacciaglia, José Luis Molinuevo, Verónica Vilaplana and Juan Domingo Gispert

A single-nuclei RNA sequencing study of Mendelian and sporadic AD in the human brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. This neurodegenerative disorder is associated with neuronal death and gliosis heavily impacting the cerebral cortex. AD has a substantial but heter...

Authors: Jorge L. Del-Aguila, Zeran Li, Umber Dube, Kathie A. Mihindukulasuriya, John P. Budde, Maria Victoria Fernandez, Laura Ibanez, Joseph Bradley, Fengxian Wang, Kristy Bergmann, Richard Davenport, John C. Morris, David M. Holtzman, Richard J. Perrin, Bruno A. Benitez, Joseph Dougherty…

Depression, subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of neurocognitive disorders

Depression and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) both predict neurocognitive disorders (NCD). However, the two correlate strongly with each other. It remains uncertain whether they reflect independent neurobi...

Authors: Tau Ming Liew

Music and emotion in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease may compromise several musical competences, though no clear data is available in the scientific literature. Furthermore, music is capable of communicating basic emotions, but little is know...

Authors: Eva M. Arroyo-Anlló, Stéphanie Dauphin, M. Noelle Fargeau, Pierre Ingrand and Roger Gil

Further analyses of the safety of verubecestat in the phase 3 EPOCH trial of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease

Verubecestat, a BACE1 inhibitor that reduces Aβ levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of humans, was not effective in a phase 3 trial (EPOCH) of mild-to-moderate AD and was associated with adverse events. To assis...

Authors: Michael F. Egan, Yuki Mukai, Tiffini Voss, James Kost, Julie Stone, Christine Furtek, Erin Mahoney, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Pierre N. Tariot, Paul S. Aisen, Bruno Vellas, Christopher Lines and David Michelson

Late-stage Anle138b treatment ameliorates tau pathology and metabolic decline in a mouse model of human Alzheimer’s disease tau

Augmenting the brain clearance of toxic oligomers with small molecule modulators constitutes a promising therapeutic concept against tau deposition. However, there has been no test of this concept in animal mo...

Authors: Matthias Brendel, Maximilian Deussing, Tanja Blume, Lena Kaiser, Federico Probst, Felix Overhoff, Finn Peters, Barbara von Ungern-Sternberg, Sergey Ryazanov, Andrei Leonov, Christian Griesinger, Andreas Zwergal, Johannes Levin, Peter Bartenstein, Igor Yakushev, Paul Cumming…

Which features of subjective cognitive decline are related to amyloid pathology? Findings from the DELCODE study

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a pre-MCI at-risk condition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current research is focusing on a refined assessment of specific SCD features associated with in...

Authors: Lisa Miebach, Steffen Wolfsgruber, Alexandra Polcher, Oliver Peters, Felix Menne, Katja Luther, Enise Incesoy, Josef Priller, Eike Spruth, Slawek Altenstein, Katharina Buerger, Cihan Catak, Daniel Janowitz, Robert Perneczky, Julia Utecht, Christoph Laske…

Tau and atrophy: domain-specific relationships with cognition

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by primary memory impairment, which then progresses towards severe deficits across cognitive domains. Here, we report how performance in cognitive domains r...

Authors: Leonardino A. Digma, John R. Madsen, Emilie T. Reas, Anders M. Dale, James B. Brewer and Sarah J. Banks

Independent effects of white matter hyperintensities on cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional decline: a longitudinal investigation using the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set

Longitudinal investigations are needed to improve understanding of the contributions of cerebral small vessel disease to the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease, particularly in the early disease sta...

Authors: Christian Puzo, Caroline Labriola, Michael A. Sugarman, Yorghos Tripodis, Brett Martin, Joseph N. Palmisano, Eric G. Steinberg, Thor D. Stein, Neil W. Kowall, Ann C. McKee, Jesse Mez, Ronald J. Killiany, Robert A. Stern and Michael L. Alosco

Towards a unified protocol for handling of CSF before β-amyloid measurements

Widespread implementation of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in routine clinical practice requires the establishment of standard operating procedures for pre-analytical handling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Authors: Shorena Janelidze, Erik Stomrud, Britta Brix and Oskar Hansson

Retinal thickness as potential biomarker in posterior cortical atrophy and typical Alzheimer’s disease

Retinal thickness can be measured non-invasively with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and may offer compelling potential as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Retinal thinning is hypothesized to be a...

Authors: Jurre den Haan, Lajos Csinscik, Tom Parker, Ross W. Paterson, Catherine F. Slattery, Alexander Foulkes, Femke H. Bouwman, Frank D. Verbraak, Philip Scheltens, Tunde Peto, Imre Lengyel, Jonathan M. Schott, Sebastian J. Crutch, Timothy J. Shakespeare and Keir X. X. Yong

Cross-sectional and longitudinal characterization of SCD patients recruited from the community versus from a memory clinic: subjective cognitive decline, psychoaffective factors, cognitive performances, and atrophy progression over time

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) defines a heterogeneous population, part of which having Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed at characterizing SCD populations according to whether or not they referred to a m...

Authors: Elizabeth Kuhn, Inès Moulinet, Audrey Perrotin, Renaud La Joie, Brigitte Landeau, Clémence Tomadesso, Alexandre Bejanin, Siya Sherif, Vincent De La Sayette, Béatrice Desgranges, Denis Vivien, Géraldine Poisnel and Gaëlle Chételat

Associations between quantitative [¹⁸F]flortaucipir tau PET and atrophy across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum

Neuropathological studies have linked tau aggregates to neuronal loss. To describe the spatial distribution of neurofibrillary tangle pathology in post-mortem tissue, Braak staging has been used. The aim of th...

Authors: Tessa Timmers, Rik Ossenkoppele, Emma E. Wolters, Sander C. J. Verfaillie, Denise Visser, Sandeep S. V. Golla, Frederik Barkhof, Philip Scheltens, Ronald Boellaard, Wiesje M. van der Flier and Bart N. M. van Berckel

An experimental model of Braak’s pretangle proposal for the origin of Alzheimer’s disease: the role of locus coeruleus in early symptom development

The earliest brain pathology related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is hyperphosphorylated soluble tau in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. Braak characterizes five pretangle tau stages preceding AD...

Authors: Abhinaba Ghosh, Sarah E. Torraville, Bandhan Mukherjee, Susan G. Walling, Gerard M. Martin, Carolyn W. Harley and Qi Yuan

Spermidine/spermine-N¹-acetyltransferase ablation impacts tauopathy-induced polyamine stress response

Tau stabilizes microtubules; however, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and tauopathies, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated, aggregates, and results in neuronal death. Our group recently uncovered a unique interaction ...

Authors: Leslie A. Sandusky-Beltran, Andrii Kovalenko, Chao Ma, John Ivan T. Calahatian, Devon S. Placides, Mallory D. Watler, Jerry B. Hunt, April L. Darling, Jeremy D. Baker, Laura J. Blair, Mackenzie D. Martin, Sarah N. Fontaine, Chad A. Dickey, April L. Lussier, Edwin J. Weeber, Maj-Linda B. Selenica…

FDG-PET as an independent biomarker for Alzheimer’s biological diagnosis: a longitudinal study

Reduced ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) brain metabolism was recognized as a biomarker of neurodegeneration in the recently proposed ATN framework for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biolog...

Authors: Ya-Nan Ou, Wei Xu, Jie-Qiong Li, Yu Guo, Mei Cui, Ke-Liang Chen, Yu-Yuan Huang, Qiang Dong, Lan Tan and Jin-Tai Yu

Human amyloid-β enriched extracts: evaluation of in vitro and in vivo internalization and molecular characterization

Intracerebral inoculation of extracts from post-mortem human Alzheimer’s disease brains into mice produces a prion-like spreading effect of amyloid-β. The differences observed between these extracts and the sy...

Authors: Cristina M. Pedrero-Prieto, Alicia Flores-Cuadrado, Daniel Saiz-Sánchez, Isabel Úbeda-Bañón, Javier Frontiñán-Rubio, Francisco J. Alcaín, Lourdes Mateos-Hernández, José de la Fuente, Mario Durán-Prado, Margarita Villar, Alino Martínez-Marcos and Juan R. Peinado

Frailty effects on non-demented cognitive trajectories are moderated by sex and Alzheimer’s genetic risk

Age-related frailty reflects cumulative multisystem physiological and health decline. Frailty increases the risk of adverse brain and cognitive outcomes, including differential decline and dementia. In a longi...

Authors: Sherilyn Thibeau, Kirstie McDermott, G. Peggy McFall, Kenneth Rockwood and Roger A. Dixon

Upregulation of MIF as a defense mechanism and a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Chronic inflammation induced by amyloid β proteins (Aβ) is one prominent neuropathological feature in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain.

Authors: Si Zhang, Jiehao Zhao, Yuhu Zhang, Yun Zhang, Fang Cai, Lijuan Wang and Weihong Song

Brain volumes and cortical thickness on MRI in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER)

The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) was a multicenter randomized controlled trial that reported beneficial effects on cognition for a 2-year multimo...

Authors: Ruth Stephen, Yawu Liu, Tiia Ngandu, Riitta Antikainen, Juha Hulkkonen, Juha Koikkalainen, Nina Kemppainen, Jyrki Lötjönen, Esko Levälahti, Riitta Parkkola, Pauliina Pippola, Juha Rinne, Timo Strandberg, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Ritva Vanninen, Miia Kivipelto…

Avoiding methodological bias in studies of amyloid imaging results disclosure

Authors: Carl Taswell, Cheryl Donohue, Maree T. Mastwyk, Andrea G. Louey, Jacqueline Giummarra, Joanne Robertson, David G. Darby, Colin L. Masters and Christopher C. Rowe

Response to “Avoiding Methodological Bias in Studies of Amyloid Imaging Results Disclosure”

Authors: Joshua D. Grill, Chelsea G. Cox, Kristin Harkins and Jason Karlawish

Anxiety correlates with cortical surface area in subjective cognitive decline: APOE ε4 carriers versus APOE ε4 non-carriers

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is characterized by self-reported cognitive deficits without measurable cognitive impairment. It has been suggested that individuals with SCD exhibited brain structural alter...

Authors: Yu Sun, Xiaoni Wang, Yinshan Wang, Haoming Dong, Jie Lu, Tohar Scheininger, Michael Ewers, Frank Jessen, Xi-Nian Zuo and Ying Han

Electrophysiological brain signatures for the classification of subjective cognitive decline: towards an individual detection in the preclinical stages of dementia

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevalence is rapidly growing as worldwide populations grow older. Available treatments have failed to slow down disease progression, thus increasing research focus towards early or pr...

Authors: David López-Sanz, Ricardo Bruña, María Luisa Delgado-Losada, Ramón López-Higes, Alberto Marcos-Dolado, Fernando Maestú and Stefan Walter

Early recognition and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms to improve quality of life in early Alzheimer’s disease: protocol of the BEAT-IT study

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are very common in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and are associated with various disadvantageous clinical outcomes includin...

Authors: Willem S. Eikelboom, Ellen Singleton, Esther van den Berg, Michiel Coesmans, Francesco Mattace Raso, Rozemarijn L. van Bruchem, Jeannette A. Goudzwaard, Frank Jan de Jong, Marc Koopmanschap, Tom den Heijer, Jan J. M. Driesen, Lilian J. H. M. Vroegindeweij, Elsbeth C. Thomeer, Susanne E. Hoogers, Anke A. Dijkstra, Sytse U. Zuidema…

The association of vascular disorders with incident dementia in different age groups

There is increasing evidence that dementia risk associated with vascular disorders is age dependent. Large population-based studies of incident dementia are necessary to further elucidate this effect. Therefor...

Authors: Nienke Legdeur, Sven J. van der Lee, Marcel de Wilde, Johan van der Lei, Majon Muller, Andrea B. Maier and Pieter Jelle Visser

Altered microRNAs related to synaptic function as potential plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

Several evidences suggest that failure of synaptic function occurs at preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) preceding neuronal loss and the classical AD pathological hallmarks. Nowadays, there is an u...

Authors: Dolores Siedlecki-Wullich, Judit Català-Solsona, Cristina Fábregas, Isabel Hernández, Jordi Clarimon, Alberto Lleó, Merce Boada, Carlos A. Saura, José Rodríguez-Álvarez and Alfredo J. Miñano-Molina

Assessing cognition and daily function in early dementia using the cognitive-functional composite: findings from the Catch-Cog study cohort

The cognitive-functional composite (CFC) was designed to improve the measurement of clinically relevant changes in predementia and early dementia stages. We have previously demonstrated its good test-retest re...

Authors: Roos J. Jutten, John E. Harrison, Philippe R. Lee Meeuw Kjoe, Silvia Ingala, R. Vreeswijk, R. A. J. van Deelen, Frank Jan de Jong, Esther M. Opmeer, André Aleman, Craig W. Ritchie, Philip Scheltens and Sietske A. M. Sikkes

ApoA-I deficiency increases cortical amyloid deposition, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cortical and hippocampal astrogliosis, and amyloid-associated astrocyte reactivity in APP/PS1 mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is defined by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and characterized by neurodegeneration and memory loss. The majority of AD patients also have Aβ deposition in cereb...

Authors: Emily B. Button, Guilaine K. Boyce, Anna Wilkinson, Sophie Stukas, Arooj Hayat, Jianjia Fan, Brennan J. Wadsworth, Jerome Robert, Kris M. Martens and Cheryl L. Wellington

Olfactory function is associated with cognitive performance: results from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study

Studies in older adults or those with cognitive impairment have shown associations between cognitive and olfactory performance, but there are few population-based studies especially in younger adults. We there...

Authors: Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor, Tobias Luck, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Markus Loeffler, Kerstin Wirkner and Christoph Engel

Peripheral administration of human recombinant ApoJ/clusterin modulates brain beta-amyloid levels in APP23 mice

ApoJ/clusterin is a multifunctional protein highly expressed in the brain. The implication of ApoJ in β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrillization and clearance in the context of Alzheimer’s disease has been widely studied, ...

Authors: Sofía Fernández de Retana, Paula Marazuela, Montse Solé, Guillem Colell, Anna Bonaterra, Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada, Joan Montaner, Daniel Maspoch, Mary Cano-Sarabia and Mar Hernández-Guillamon

Segmentation of medial temporal subregions reveals early right-sided involvement in semantic variant PPA

Semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a subtype of frontotemporal dementia characterized by asymmetric temporal atrophy.

Authors: Martina Bocchetta, Juan Eugenio Iglesias, Lucy L. Russell, Caroline V. Greaves, Charles R. Marshall, Marzia A. Scelsi, David M. Cash, Sebastien Ourselin, Jason D. Warren and Jonathan D. Rohrer

Blood amyloid-β oligomerization associated with neurodegeneration of Alzheimer’s disease

Oligomeric amyloid-ß is a major toxic species associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Methods used to measure oligomeric amyloid-β in the blood have increased in number in recent years. The Multimer ...

Authors: Young Chul Youn, Sungmin Kang, Jeewon Suh, Young Ho Park, Min Ju Kang, Jung-Min Pyun, Seong Hye Choi, Jee Hyang Jeong, Kyung Won Park, Ho-Won Lee, Seong Soo A. An, Jacqueline C. Dominguez and SangYun Kim

Correction to: Neurexin 3 transmembrane and soluble isoform expression and splicing haplotype are associated with neuron inflammasome and Alzheimer’s disease

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that Fig. 6 contains a mistake. The Fig. 6F is a duplicate of Fig. 6E of Braak 5.

Authors: Akitoyo Hishimoto, Olga Pletnikova, Doyle Lu Lang, Juan C. Troncoso, Josephine M. Egan and Qing-Rong Liu

Neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta 40 are associated with reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) activity in a transgenic model of familial Alzheimer’s disease

Discrepant and often contradictory results have accumulated regarding the antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects of serotonin transporter (SERT) antagonists in Alzheimer’s disease.

Authors: Athanasios Metaxas, Marco Anzalone, Ramanan Vaitheeswaran, Sussanne Petersen, Anne M. Landau and Bente Finsen

Safety and tolerability of donepezil 23 mg with or without intermediate dose titration in patients with Alzheimer’s disease taking donepezil 10 mg: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-design, three-arm, prospective trial

High-dose donepezil is currently prescribed for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who showed poor or waning response to a lower dose at the risk of increasing cholinergic side effects. However, the advers...

Authors: Yun Jeong Hong, Hyun Jeong Han, Young Chul Youn, Kyung Won Park, Dong Won Yang, SangYun Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Ji Eun Kim and Jae-Hong Lee

Effects of spermidine supplementation on cognition and biomarkers in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SmartAge)—study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Given the global increase in the aging population and age-related diseases, the promotion of healthy aging is one of the most crucial public health issues. This trial aims to contribute to the establishment of...

Authors: Miranka Wirth, Claudia Schwarz, Gloria Benson, Nora Horn, Ralph Buchert, Catharina Lange, Theresa Köbe, Stefan Hetzer, Marta Maglione, Eva Michael, Stefanie Märschenz, Knut Mai, Ute Kopp, Dietmar Schmitz, Ulrike Grittner, Stephan J. Sigrist…

Exposure to fluoride aggravates the impairment in learning and memory and neuropathological lesions in mice carrying the APP/PS1 double-transgenic mutation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is responsible for 60–70% of all cases of dementia. On the other hand, the tap water consumed by hundreds of millions of people has been fluoridated to prevent tooth decay. However, li...

Authors: Kun Cao, Jie Xiang, Yang-Ting Dong, Yi Xu, Yi Li, Hui Song, Xiao-Xiao Zeng, Long-Yan Ran, Wei Hong and Zhi-Zhong Guan

Advantages and disadvantages of the use of the CSF Amyloid β (Aβ) 42/40 ratio in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical markers (biomarkers) Amyloidβ 42 (Aβ₄₂), total Tau (T-tau) and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau₁₈₁) have proven diagnostic accuracy for mild cognitive impairmen...

Authors: Oskar Hansson, Sylvain Lehmann, Markus Otto, Henrik Zetterberg and Piotr Lewczuk