Kua EH, Ho E, Tan HH, Tsoi C, Thng C, Mahendran R. The natural history of dementia. Psychogeriatrics. 2014;14:196–201.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wübker A, Zwakhalen SM, Challis D, Suhonen R, Karlsson S, Zabalegui A, et al. Costs of care for people with dementia just before and after nursing home placement: primary data from eight European countries. Eur J Health Econ. 2015;16:689–707.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holmes C, Lovestone S. Long-term cognitive and functional decline in late onset. Alzheimer’s disease: therapeutic implications. Age Aging. 2003;32:200–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Gillette-Guyonnet S, Andrieu S, Nourhashemi F, Gardette V, Coley N, Cantet C, et al. Long-term progression of Alzheimer’s disease in patients under antidementia drugs. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:579–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bloom GS. Amyloid-β and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71:505–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blennow K, Hampel H, Weiner M, Zetterberg H. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010;6:131–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jensen M, Basun H, Lannfelt L. Increased cerebrospinal fluid tau in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett. 1995;186:189–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blennow K, Wallin A, Agren H, Spenger C, Siegfried J, Vanmechelen E. Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid: a biochemical marker for axonal degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease? Mol Chem Neuropathol. 1995;26:231–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parnetti L, Chiasserini D, Eusebi P, Giannandrea D, Bellomo G, De Carlo C, et al. Performance of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau as predictors of dementia in a cohort of patients with mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29:229–38.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Rossum IA, Vos SJB, Burns L, Knol DL, Scheltens P, Soininen H, et al. Injury markers predict cognitive decline in subjects with MCI and amyloid pathology. Neurology. 2012;79:1809–16.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mattsson N, Portelius E, Rolstad S, Gustavsson M, Andreasson U, Stridsberg M, et al. Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers over four years in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30:767–78.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pooler AM, Polydoro M, Wegmann S, Nicholls SB, Spires-Jones TL, Hyman BT. Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease: identification of novel therapeutic targets. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2013;5:49.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sanders DW, Kaufman SK, DeVos SL, Sharma AM, Mirbaha H, Li A, et al. Distinct tau prion strains propagate in cells and mice and define different tauopathies. Neuron. 2014;82:1271–88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kontsekova E, Zilka N, Kovacech B, Novak P, Novak M. First-in-man tau vaccine targeting structural determinants essential for pathological tau–tau interaction reduces tau oligomerisation and neurofibrillary degeneration in an Alzheimer’s disease model. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2014;6:44.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Degerman Gunnarsson M, Lannfelt L, Ingelsson M, Basun H, Kilander L. High tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid predict rapid decline and increased dementia mortality in Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2014;37:196–206.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–98.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
Google Scholar
Vanmechelen E, Vanderstichele H, Davidsson P, Van Kerschaver E, Van Der Perre B, Sjögren M, et al. Quantification of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in human cerebrospinal fluid: a sandwich ELISA with a synthetic phosphopeptide for standardization. Neurosci Lett. 2000;285:49–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Andreasen N, Hesse C, Davidsson P, Minthon L, Wallin A, Winblad B, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid(1-42) in Alzheimer disease: differences between early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease and stability during the course of disease. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:673–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, Jelic V, Fratiglioni L, Wahlund LO, et al. Mild cognitive impairment – beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med. 2004;256:240–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kester MI, van der Vlies AE, Blankenstein MA, Pijnenburg YA, van Elk EJ, Scheltens P, et al. CSF biomarkers predict rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2009;73:1353–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sämgård K, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hansson O, Minthon L, Londos E. Cerebrospinal fluid total tau as a marker of Alzheimer’s disease intensity. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25:403–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Weiner MW, Aisen PS, et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:207–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ingelsson M, Fukumoto H, Newell KL, Growdon JH, Hedley-Whyte ET, Frosch MP, et al. Early Aβ accumulation and progressive synaptic loss, gliosis, and tangle formation in AD brain. Neurology. 2004;62:925–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nelson PT, Alafuzoff I, Bigio EH, Bouras C, Braak H, Cairns NJ, et al. Correlation of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes with cognitive status: a review of the literature. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2012;71:362–81.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fleisher AS, Chen K, Quiroz YT, Jakimovich LJ, Gutierrez Gomez M, Langois CM, et al. Associations between biomarkers and age in the presenilin 1 E280A autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease kindred: a cross-sectional study. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72:316–24.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bertens D, Knol DL, Scheltens P, Visser PJ, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Temporal evolution of biomarkers and cognitive markers in the asymptomatic, MCI, and dementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:511–22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack CR Jr, Kawas CH, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:263–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Skillbäck T, Rosén C, Asztely F, Mattsson N, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid total tau and phosphorylated tau in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: results from the Swedish Mortality Registry. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71:476–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lewczuk P, Mroczko B, Fagan A, Kornhuber J. Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a current perspective. Adv Med Sci. 2015;60:76–82.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hall S, Öhrfelt A, Constantinescu R, Andreasson U, Surova Y, Bostrom F, et al. Accuracy of a panel of 5 cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the differential diagnostics of patients with dementia and/or Parkinsonian disorders. Arch Neurol. 2012;69:1445–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holmes BB, Diamond MI. Prion-like properties of tau protein: the importance of extracellular tau as a therapeutic target. J Biol Chem. 2014;289:19855–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wallin AK, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Londos E, Minthon L, Hansson O. CSF biomarkers predict a more malignant outcome in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2010;11:1531–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Seppälä TT, Koivisto AM, Hartikainen P, Helisalmi S, Soininen H, Herukka SK. Longitudinal changes of CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;25:583–94.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vlachos GS, Paraskevas GP, Naoumis D, Kapaki E. Cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid1–42 correlates with rate of progression in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm. 2012;119:799–804.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vemuri P, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, et al. MRI and CSF biomarkers in normal, MCI, and AD subjects: predicting future clinical change. Neurology. 2009;28:294–301.
Article
Google Scholar
Sluimer JD, Bouwman FH, Vrenken H, Blankenstein MA, Barkhof F, van der Flier WM, et al. Whole-brain atrophy rate and CSF biomarker levels in MCI and AD: a longitudinal study. Neurobiol Aging. 2010;31:758–64.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Okonkwo OC, Alosco ML, Jerskey BA, Sweet LH, Ott BR, Tremont G, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities and rate of decline in everyday function across the dementia spectrum: normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:688–96.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Marshall GA, Lorius N, Locascio JJ, Hyman BT, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, et al. Regional cortical thinning and cerebrospinal biomarkers predict worsening daily functioning across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;41:719–28.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Koppel J, Sunday S, Buthorn J, Goldberg T, Davies P, Greenwald B, et al. Elevated CSF tau is associated with psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:1212–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wallin AK, Blennow K, Andreasen N, Minthon L. CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: levels of β-amyloid, tau, phosphorylated tau relate to clinical symptoms and survival. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006;21:131–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boström F, Hansson O, Blennow K, Gerhardsson L, Lundh T, Minthon L, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid total tau is associated with shorter survival in dementia with Lewy bodies. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;28:314–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nägga K, Wattmo C, Zhang Y, Wahlund LO, Palmqvist S. Cerebral inflammation is an underlying mechanism of early death in Alzheimer’s disease: a 13-year cause-specific multivariate mortality study. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2014;6:41.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Falahati F, Fereshtehnejad SM, Religa D, Wahlund LO, Westman E, Eriksdotter M. The use of MRI, CT and lumbar puncture in dementia diagnostics: data from the SveDem registry. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2015;39:81–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar