Table 1 Cluster characteristics at baseline

Age, years

70 (7)

74 (8)^a

74 (7)^a

74 (7)^a

< 0.001

Education, years

17 (2)

16 (3)^a

16 (3)^a

15 (3)^a

< 0.001

Gender, n (%)

0.020

 Male

136 (53%)

221 (66%)

140 (58%)

60 (57%)

 Female

119 (47%)

115 (34%)^a

100 (42%)

45 (43%)

APOE4 carriers

93 (36%)

147 (44%)

161 (67%)^{a, b}

69 (66%)^{a, b}

< 0.001

Follow-up duration, years

3.54 (1.39)

3.29 (1.48)^a

3.07 (1.40)^a

2.32 (1.36)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

MMSE

29 (1)

28 (2)^a

27 (2)^{a, b}

26 (2)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

ADAS-Cog-13

10 (3)

15 (4)^a

21 (4)^{a, b}

26 (5)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

Memory composite score

0.88 (0.50)

0.22 (0.40)^a

− 0.30 (0.40)^{a, b}

− 0.64 (0.40)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

Executive function composite score^d

0.75 (0.76)

0.32 (0.77)^a

− 0.11 (0.75)^{a, b}

− 0.73 (0.73)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

aVV^e

21 (11)

27 (13)^a

27 (12)^a

33 (14)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

aEV^f

2.62 (0.41)

2.35 (0.51)^a

2.10 (0.43)^{a, b}

1.98 (0.47)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

aHV^g

5.03 (0.67)

4.48 (0.77)^a

4.10 (0.68)^{a, b}

3.87 (0.60)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

Brain FDG SUVRs^h

1.29 (0.06)

1.27 (0.06)^a

1.21 (0.08)^{a, b}

1.20 (0.08)^{a, b}

< 0.001

Brain amyloid SUVRsⁱ

1.10 (0.16)

1.23 (0.22)^a

1.36 (0.25)^{a, b}

1.43 (0.20)^{a, b}

< 0.001

CSF Aβ42^j, pg/ml

200 (46)

176 (54)^a

140 (39)^{a, b}

139 (31)^{a, b}

< 0.001

CSF t-tau^k, pg/ml

64 (31)

85 (49)^a

114 (55)^{a, b}

129 (64)^{a, b, c}

< 0.001

CSF p-tau^l, pg/ml

30 (16)

39 (24)^a

48 (23)^{a, b}

52 (25)^{a, b}

< 0.001