Beneficial association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins on the occurrence of possible Alzheimer’s disease after traumatic brain injury

Table 5 Association of single or combined medications with the development of dementia with possible AD after TBI occurrence

Medication	p value	Hazard ratio	95%CI
Age	<.0001	1.11	1.10	1.13
Sex	0.95	0.99	0.59	1.63
Black	0.51	0.88	0.61	1.28
Hispanic	<.0001	1.95	1.44	2.64
Other	0.87	0.94	0.44	2.00
ACEI	0.01	0.59	0.40	0.89
Beta blocker	<.0001	0.39	0.25	0.60
Metformin	0.21	0.74	0.46	1.19
Statins	0.08	0.73	0.51	1.04
ACEI + beta	0.08	0.59	0.33	1.07
ACEI + statin	0.005	0.41	0.23	0.76
ACEI + metformin	0.02	0.18	0.04	0.75
Beta blocker + statin	0.02	0.54	0.32	0.91
Beta blocker + metformin	0.14	0.41	0.12	1.33
Statin + metformin	0.91	1.04	0.53	2.02
Medication duration	0.13	1.00	1.00	1.00
Sleep	0.86	0.97	0.65	1.43
Thyroid	0.60	0.89	0.58	1.37
Cardiac dysrhythmia	0.04	1.42	1.02	1.97
Cancer	0.07	0.69	0.46	1.04
Congestive heart failure	0.03	0.54	0.30	0.95
Coronary artery disease	0.99	1.00	0.74	1.36
Diabetes	0.47	1.12	0.83	1.50
Hyperlipidemia	0.11	1.24	0.96	1.61
Hypertension	0.32	1.15	0.87	1.51
Kidney	0.05	0.47	0.22	1.01
Liver	0.35	1.39	0.70	2.78
Lung	0.47	0.90	0.69	1.19
Peripheral artery disease	0.45	0.86	0.57	1.28
Stroke	0.85	0.97	0.68	1.37
Alcohol	0.86	1.03	0.73	1.45
Anxiety	0.09	1.29	0.96	1.72
Bipolar	0.88	1.03	0.69	1.55
PTSD	0.38	0.86	0.62	1.20
Schizophrenia	0.71	1.10	0.66	1.85
Depression	0.03	1.33	1.02	1.73
Drug substance	0.23	0.75	0.46	1.20
Number of TBI occurrence	0.0002	1.04	1.02	1.06

Note: Duration is the summation of total day supply of single or both medications

ISSN: 1758-9193