Beneficial association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins on the occurrence of possible Alzheimer’s disease after traumatic brain injury

Table 4 Association of combined medications with the development of dementia with possible AD after TBI occurrence

A. Reference group = no medication
	p values		Hazard ratio		95% confidence interval
Age	< .0001		1.11		1.09		1.13
Sex	0.42		0.72		0.33		1.58
African American	0.40		0.78		0.44		1.38
Hispanic	0.01		1.93		1.19		3.12
Other	0.68		1.24		0.45		3.38
ACEI + beta	0.14		0.63		0.34		1.17
ACEI + statin	0.01		0.44		0.23		0.85
ACEI + metformin	0.04		0.21		0.05		0.90
Beta blocker + statin	0.11		0.63		0.35		1.11
Beta blocker + metformin	0.23		0.47		0.14		1.60
Statin + metformin	0.45		1.32		0.65		2.70
Medication duration	0.07		1.00		1.00		1.00
Sleep	0.55		0.83		0.46		1.52
Thyroid	0.23		0.62		0.28		1.37
Cardiac dysrhythmia	< .0001		2.18		1.31		3.63
Cancer	0.55		0.84		0.49		1.47
Congestive heart failure	0.38		0.62		0.22		1.78
Coronary artery disease	0.34		0.76		0.43		1.34
Diabetes	0.62		0.87		0.51		1.50
Hyperlipidemia	0.16		1.31		0.90		1.90
Hypertension	0.09		1.40		0.95		2.06
Kidney	0.15		0.24		0.03		1.70
Liver	0.45		0.56		0.13		2.47
Lung	0.86		1.04		0.69		1.57
Peripheral artery disease	0.61		1.18		0.62		2.24
Stroke	0.97		0.99		0.55		1.77
Alcohol	0.38		1.24		0.77		2.01
Anxiety	0.32		1.25		0.81		1.94
Bipolar	0.59		1.20		0.63		2.28
PTSD	0.11		0.63		0.36		1.11
Schizophrenia	0.50		1.27		0.63		2.55
Depression	0.78		1.06		0.72		1.57
Drug substance	0.07		0.48		0.21		1.08
Number of TBI occurrence	< .0001		1.04		1.02		1.07
B. Reference group = no medication or statin + metformin
	No med as the reference				Statin + metformin as the reference
Medication	p value	HR	95% CI		p value	HR	95% CI
ACEI + beta blocker	0.14	0.63	0.34	1.17	0.16	0.54	0.23	1.27
ACEI + statin	0.01	0.44	0.23	0.85	0.02	0.35	0.15	0.82
ACEI + metformin	0.04	0.21	0.05	0.90	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.87
Beta blocker + statin	0.11	0.63	0.35	1.11	0.09	0.49	0.22	1.11
Beta blocker + metformin	0.23	0.47	0.14	1.60	0.24	0.45	0.12	1.69
Statin + metformin	0.45	1.32	0.65	2.70

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