Association A’s. 2010 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2010;6:158–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Manly JJ, Tang MX, Schupf N, Stern Y, Vonsattel JP, Mayeux R. Frequency and course of mild cognitive impairment in a multiethnic community. Ann Neurol. 2008;63:494–506.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Green RC, Cupples LA, Go R, Benke KS, Edeki T, Griffith PA, Williams M, Hipps Y, Graff-Radford N, Bachman D, Farrer LA. Risk of dementia among white and African American relatives of patients with Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 2002;287:329–36.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reitz C, Jun G, Naj A, Rajbhandary R, Vardarajan BN, Wang LS, Valladares O, Lin CF, Larson EB, Graff-Radford NR, et al. Variants in the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA7), apolipoprotein E ε4, and the risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease in African Americans. JAMA. 2013;309:1483–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Logue MW, Schu M, Vardarajan BN, Buros J, Green RC, Go RC, Griffith P, Obisesan TO, Shatz R, Borenstein A, et al. A comprehensive genetic association study of Alzheimer disease in African Americans. Arch Neurol. 2011;68:1569–79.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hollingworth P, Harold D, Sims R, Gerrish A, Lambert JC, Carrasquillo MM, Abraham R, Hamshere ML, Pahwa JS, Moskvina V, et al. Common variants at ABCA7, MS4A6A/MS4A4E, EPHA1, CD33 and CD2AP are associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Genet. 2011;43:429–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mez J, Chung J, Jun G, Kriegel J, Bourlas AP, Sherva R, Logue MW, Barnes LL, Bennett DA, Buxbaum JD, et al. Two novel loci, COBL and SLC10A2, for Alzheimer’s disease in African Americans. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13:119–29.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Livney MG, Clark CM, Karlawish JH, Cartmell S, Negron M, Nunez J, Xie SX, Entenza-Cabrera F, Vega IE, Arnold SE. Ethnoracial differences in the clinical characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease at initial presentation at an urban Alzheimer’s disease center. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011;19:430–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barnes LL, Wilson RS, Li Y, Aggarwal NT, Gilley DW, McCann JJ, Evans DA. Racial differences in the progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;13:959–67.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graff-Radford NR, Besser LM, Crook JE, Kukull WA, Dickson DW. Neuropathologic differences by race from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12:669–77.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barnes LL, Leurgans S, Aggarwal NT, Shah RC, Arvanitakis Z, James BD, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, Schneider JA. Mixed pathology is more likely in black than white decedents with Alzheimer dementia. Neurology. 2015;85:528–34.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Petersen RC, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Donohue MC, Gamst AC, Harvey DJ, Jack Jr CR, Jagust WJ, Shaw LM, Toga AW, et al. Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): clinical characterization. Neurology. 2010;74:201–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hu WT, Chen-Plotkin A, Arnold SE, Grossman M, Clark CM, Shaw LM, Pickering E, Kuhn M, Chen Y, McCluskey L, et al. Novel CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol. 2010;119:669–78.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Clark CM, Schneider JA, Bedell BJ, Beach TG, Bilker WB, Mintun MA, Pontecorvo MJ, Hefti F, Carpenter AP, Flitter ML, et al. Use of florbetapir-PET for imaging beta-amyloid pathology. JAMA. 2011;305:275–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Howell JC, Parker MW, Watts KD, Kollhoff A, Tsvetkova DZ, Hu WT. Research lumbar punctures among African Americans and Caucasians: perception predicts experience. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:296.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hall JR, Wiechmann AR, Johnson LA, Edwards M, Barber RC, Winter AS, Singh M, O’Bryant SE. Biomarkers of vascular risk, systemic inflammation, and microvascular pathology and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;35:363–71.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ewers M, Mielke MM, Hampel H. Blood-based biomarkers of microvascular pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Exp Gerontol. 2010;45:75–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lucas JA, Ivnik RJ, Smith GE, Ferman TJ, Willis FB, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR. Mayo’s Older African Americans Normative Studies: norms for Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association, Category Fluency, Animal Naming, Token Test, WRAT-3 Reading, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, and Judgment of Line Orientation. Clin Neuropsychol. 2005;19:243–69.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Machulda MM, Ivnik RJ, Smith GE, Ferman TJ, Boeve BF, Knopman D, Petersen RC, Tangalos EG. Mayo’s Older Americans Normative Studies: Visual Form Discrimination and copy trial of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2007;29:377–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bennett DA, Bienias JL, Wilson RS, Morris MC, Evans DA. Blood pressure and late-life cognitive function change: a biracial longitudinal population study. Neurology. 2004;62:2021–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crane PK, Narasimhalu K, Gibbons LE, Pedraza O, Mehta KM, Tang Y, Manly JJ, Reed BR, Mungas DM. Composite scores for executive function items: demographic heterogeneity and relationships with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008;14:746–59.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Crane PK, Carle A, Gibbons LE, Insel P, Mackin RS, Gross A, Jones RN, Mukherjee S, Curtis SM, Harvey D, et al. Development and assessment of a composite score for memory in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Brain Imaging Behav. 2012;6:502–16.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hu WT, Watts KD, Tailor P, Nguyen TP, Howell JC, Lee RC, Seyfried NT, Gearing M, Hales CM, Levey AI, et al. CSF complement 3 and factor H are staging biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2016;4:14.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:303–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, Gamst A, Holtzman DM, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association Workgroup. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:270–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, DeKosky ST, Barberger-Gateau P, Cummings J, Delacourte A, Galasko D, Gauthier S, Jicha G, et al. Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:734–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lucas JA, Ivnik RJ, Willis FB, Ferman TJ, Smith GE, Parfitt FC, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR. Mayo’s Older African Americans Normative Studies: normative data for commonly used clinical neuropsychological measures. Clin Neuropsychol. 2005;19:162–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shaw LM, Vanderstichele H, Knapik-Czajka M, Clark CM, Aisen PS, Petersen RC, Blennow K, Soares H, Simon A, Lewczuk P, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative subjects. Ann Neurol. 2009;65:403–13.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fischl B, Salat DH, Busa E, Albert M, Dieterich M, Haselgrove C, van der Kouwe A, Killiany R, Kennedy D, Klaveness S, et al. Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain. Neuron. 2002;33:341–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carmichael O, Schwarz C, Drucker D, Fletcher E, Harvey D, Beckett L, Jack Jr CR, Weiner M, DeCarli C. Longitudinal changes in white matter disease and cognition in the first year of the Alzheimer disease neuroimaging initiative. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:1370–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bateman RJ, Wen G, Morris JC, Holtzman DM. Fluctuations of CSF amyloid-β levels: implications for a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. Neurology. 2007;68:666–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hu WT, Watts KD, Shaw LM, Howell JC, Trojanowski JQ, Basra S, Glass JD, Lah JJ, Levey AI. CSF β-amyloid 1–42 – what are we measuring in Alzheimer’s disease? Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2015;2:131–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jin SC, Carrasquillo MM, Benitez BA, Skorupa T, Carrell D, Patel D, Lincoln S, Krishnan S, Kachadoorian M, Reitz C, et al. TREM2 is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease in African Americans. Mol Neurodegener. 2015;10:19.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schneider AL, Sharrett AR, Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Coker L, Wruck L, Selnes OA, Deal J, Knopman D, Mosley TH. Normative data for 8 neuropsychological tests in older blacks and whites from the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2015;29:32–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fillenbaum GG, Heyman A, Huber MS, Ganguli M, Unverzagt FW. Performance of elderly African American and white community residents on the CERAD Neuropsychological Battery. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2001;7:502–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jack Jr CR, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, Shaw LM, Aisen PS, Weiner MW, Petersen RC, Trojanowski JQ. Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer’s pathological cascade. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:119–28.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lee MJ, Seo SW, Na DL, Kim C, Park JH, Kim GH, Kim CH, Noh Y, Cho H, Kim HJ, et al. Synergistic effects of ischemia and β-amyloid burden on cognitive decline in patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:412–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steenland K, Goldstein FC, Levey A, Wharton W. A Meta-analysis of Alzheimer’s disease incidence and prevalence comparing African-Americans and Caucasians. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;50:71–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hu WT, Watts K, Grossman M, Glass J, Lah JJ, Hales C, Shelnutt M, Van Deerlin V, Trojanowski JQ, Levey AI. Reduced CSF p-Tau181 to Tau ratio is a biomarker for FTLD-TDP. Neurology. 2013;81:1945–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Evans W, Fung HC, Steele J, Eerola J, Tienari P, Pittman A, Silva R, Myers A, Vrieze FW, Singleton A, Hardy J. The tau H2 haplotype is almost exclusively Caucasian in origin. Neurosci Lett. 2004;369:183–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kauwe JS, Cruchaga C, Mayo K, Fenoglio C, Bertelsen S, Nowotny P, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Morris JC, Fagan AM, et al. Variation in MAPT is associated with cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in the presence of amyloid-β deposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:8050–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Scheible M, Just R, Sturk-Andreaggi K, Saunier J, Parson W, Parsons T, Coble M, Irwin J. The mitochondrial landscape of African Americans: an examination of more than 2500 control region haplotypes from 22 U.S. locations. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2016;22:139–48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar