Amaducci LA, Rocca WA, Schoenberg BS: Origin of the distinction between Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: how history can clarify nosology. Neurology. 1986, 36: 1497-1499.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Campion D, Dumanchin C, Hannequin D, Dubois B, Belliard S, Puel M, Thomas-Anterion C, Michon A, Martin C, Charbonnier F, Raux G, Camuzat A, Penet C, Mesnage V, Martinez M, Clerget-Darpoux F, Brice A, Frebourg T: Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and mutation spectrum. Am J Hum Genet. 1999, 65: 664-670. 10.1086/302553.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Janssen JC, Beck JA, Campbell TA, Dickinson A, Fox NC, Harvey RJ, Houlden H, Rossor MN, Collinge J: Early onset familial Alzheimer's disease: mutation frequency in 31 families. Neurology. 2003, 60: 235-239.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Signorini S, Ghidoni R, Barbiero L, Benussi L, Binetti G: Prevalence of pathogenic mutations in an Italian clinical series of patients with familial dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2004, 1: 215-218. 10.2174/1567205043332108.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network homepage. [http://www.dian-info.org]
Lleo A, Berezovska O, Growdon JH, Hyman BT: Clinical, pathological, and biochemical spectrum of Alzheimer disease associated with PS-1 mutations. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004, 12: 146-156.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Joachim CL, Morris JH, Selkoe DJ: Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: autopsy results in 150 cases. Ann Neurol. 1988, 24: 50-56. 10.1002/ana.410240110.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Binetti G, Magni E, Padovani A, Cappa SF, Bianchetti A, Trabucchi M: Neuropsychological heterogeneity in mild Alzheimer's disease. Dementia. 1993, 4: 321-326.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Licht EA, McMurtray AM, Saul RE, Mendez MF: Cognitive differences between early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2007, 22: 218-222. 10.1177/1533317506299156.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Filley CM, Kelly J, Heaton RK: Neuropsychologic features of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1986, 43: 574-576.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suribhatla S, Baillon S, Dennis M, Marudkar M, Muhammad S, Munro D, Spreadbury C, Lindesay J: Neuropsychological performance in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease: comparisons in a memory clinic population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004, 19: 1140-1147. 10.1002/gps.1196.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koedam EL, Lauffer V, van der Vlies AE, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Pijnenburg YA: Early-versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease: more than age alone. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010, 19: 1401-1408.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maurer K, Volk S, Gerbaldo H: Auguste D and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1997, 349: 1546-1549. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10203-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klünemann HH, Fronhöfer W, Wurster H, Fischer W, Ibach B, Klein HE: Alzheimer's second patient: Johann F. and his family. Ann Neurol. 2002, 52: 520-523. 10.1002/ana.10309.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jacobs D, Sano M, Marder K, Bell K, Bylsma F, Lafleche G, Albert M, Brandt J, Stern Y: Age at onset of Alzheimer's disease: relation to pattern of cognitive dysfunction and rate of decline. Neurology. 1994, 44: 1215-1220.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koss E, Edland S, Fillenbaum G, Mohs R, Clark C, Galasko D, Morris JC: Clinical and neuropsychological differences between patients with earlier and later onset of Alzheimer's disease: a CERAD analysis, Part XII. Neurology. 1996, 46: 136-141.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rogaeva E: The solved and unsolved mysteries of the genetics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neuromolecular Med. 2002, 2: 1-10. 10.1385/NMM:2:1:01.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Drachman DA, O'Donnell BF, Lew RA, Swearer JM: The prognosis in Alzheimer's disease. 'How far' rather than 'how fast' best predicts the course. Arch Neurol. 1990, 47: 851-856.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bracco L, Gallato R, Grigoletto F, Lippi A, Lepore V, Bino G, Lazzaro MP, Carella F, Piccolo T, Pozzilli C, Glometto B, Amaducci L: Factors affecting course and survival in Alzheimer's disease. A 9-year longitudinal study. Arch Neurol. 1994, 51: 1213-1219.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frisoni GB, Pievani M, Testa C, Sabattoli F, Bresciani L, Bonetti M, Beltramello A, Hayashi KM, Toga AW, Thompson PM: The topography of grey matter involvement in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2007, 130: 720-730. 10.1093/brain/awl377.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frisoni GB, Testa C, Sabattoli F, Beltramello A, Soininen H, Laakso MP: Structural correlates of early and late onset Alzheimer's disease: voxel based morphometric study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005, 76: 112-114. 10.1136/jnnp.2003.029876.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shiino A, Watanabe T, Kitagawa T, Kotani E, Takahashi J, Morikawa S, Akiguchi I: Different atrophic patterns in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease and evaluation of clinical utility of a method of regional z-score analysis using voxel-based morphometry. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008, 26: 175-186. 10.1159/000151241.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karas G, Scheltens P, Rombouts S, van Schijndel R, Klein M, Jones B, van der Flier W, Vrenken H, Barkhof F: Precuneus atrophy in early-onset Alzheimer's disease: a morphometric structural MRI study. Neuroradiology. 2007, 49: 967-976. 10.1007/s00234-007-0269-2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salmon E, Collette F, Degueldre C, Lemaire C, Franck G: Voxel-based analysis of confounding effects of age and dementia severity on cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2000, 10: 39-48. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(200005)10:1<39::AID-HBM50>3.0.CO;2-B.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sakamoto S, Ishii K, Sasaki M, Hosaka K, Mori T, Matsui M, Hirono N, Mori E: Differences in cerebral metabolic impairment between early and late onset types of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci. 2002, 200: 27-32. 10.1016/S0022-510X(02)00114-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim EJ, Cho SS, Jeong Y, Park KC, Kang SJ, Kang E, Kim SE, Lee KH, Na DL: Glucose metabolism in early onset versus late onset Alzheimer's disease: an SPM analysis of 120 patients. Brain. 2005, 128: 1790-1801. 10.1093/brain/awh539.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rabinovici GD, Furst AJ, Alkalay A, Racine CA, O'Neil JP, Janabi M, Baker SL, Agarwal N, Bonasera SJ, Mormino EC, Weiner MW, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Jagust WJ: Increased metabolic vulnerability in early-onset Alzheimer's disease is not related to amyloid burden. Brain. 2010, 133: 512-528. 10.1093/brain/awp326.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koivunen J, Verkkoniemi A, Aalto S, Paetau A, Ahonen JP, Viitanen M, Någren K, Rokka J, Haaparanta M, Kalimo H, Rinne JO: PET amyloid ligand [11C]PIB uptake shows predominantly striatal increase in variant Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2008, 131: 1845-1853. 10.1093/brain/awn107.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Villemagne VL, Ataka S, Mizuno T, Brooks WS, Wada Y, Kondo M, Jones G, Watanabe Y, Mulligan R, Nakagawa M, Miki T, Shimada H, O'Keefe GJ, Masters CL, Mori H, Rowe CC: High striatal amyloid beta-peptide deposition across different autosomal Alzheimer disease mutation types. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66: 1537-1544. 10.1001/archneurol.2009.285.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Andreasen N, Hesse C, Davidsson P, Minthon L, Wallin A, Winblad B, Vanderstichele H, Vanmechelen E, Blennow K: Cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid(1-42) in Alzheimer disease: differences between early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease and stability during the course of disease. Arch Neurol. 1999, 56: 673-680. 10.1001/archneur.56.6.673.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984, 34: 939-944.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nochlin D, van Belle G, Bird TD, Sumi SM: Comparison of the severity of neuropathologic changes in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1993, 7: 212-222.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bigio EH, Hynan LS, Sontag E, Satumtira S, White CL: Synapse loss is greater in presenile than senile onset Alzheimer disease: implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2002, 28: 218-227. 10.1046/j.1365-2990.2002.00385.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marshall GA, Fairbanks LA, Tekin S, Vinters HV, Cummings JL: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is associated with greater pathologic burden. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2007, 20: 29-33. 10.1177/0891988706297086.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jayadev S, Leverenz JB, Steinbart E, Stahl J, Klunk W, Yu CE, Bird TD: Alzheimer's disease phenotypes and genotypes associated with mutations in presenilin 2. Brain. 2010, 133: 1143-1154. 10.1093/brain/awq033.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lippa CF, Schmidt ML, Nee LE, Bird T, Nochlin D, Hulette C, Mori H, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ: AMY plaques in familial AD: comparison with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 2000, 54: 100-104.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Harold D, Abraham R, Hollingworth P, Sims R, Gerrish A, Hamshere ML, Pahwa JS, Moskvina V, Dowzell K, Williams A, Jones N, Thomas C, Stretton A, Morgan AR, Lovestone S, Powell J, Proitsi P, Lupton MK, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Morgan K, Brown KS, Passmore PA, Craig D, McGuinness B, Todd S, Holmes C, et al: Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet. 2009, 41: 1088-1093. 10.1038/ng.440.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lambert JC, Heath S, Even G, Campion D, Sleegers K, Hiltunen M, Combarros O, Zelenika D, Bullido MJ, Tavernier B, Letenneur L, Bettens K, Berr C, Pasquier F, Fiévet N, Barberger-Gateau P, Engelborghs S, De Deyn P, Mateo I, Franck A, Helisalmi S, Porcellini E, Hanon O, European Alzheimer's Disease Initiative Investigators, de Pancorbo MM, Lendon C, Dufouil C, Jaillard C, Leveillard T, Alvarez V, et al: Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and CR1 associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet. 2009, 41: 1094-1099. 10.1038/ng.439.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seshadri S, Fitzpatrick AL, Ikram MA, DeStefano AL, Gudnason V, Boada M, Bis JC, Smith AV, Carassquillo MM, Lambert JC, Harold D, Schrijvers EM, Ramirez-Lorca R, Debette S, Longstreth WT, Janssens AC, Pankratz VS, Dartigues JF, Hollingworth P, Aspelund T, Hernandez I, Beiser A, Kuller LH, Koudstaal PJ, Dickson DW, Tzourio C, Abraham R, Antunez C, Du Y, Rotter JI, et al: Genome-wide analysis of genetic loci associated with Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 2010, 303: 1832-1840. 10.1001/jama.2010.574.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, Small GW, Roses AD, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA: Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science. 1993, 261: 921-923. 10.1126/science.8346443.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Elder GA, Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R: Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Mt Sinai J Med. 2010, 77: 69-81. 10.1002/msj.20159.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
European Medicines Agency homepage. [http://www.ema.europa.eu]
Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences: International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. [http://www.cioms.ch/publications/guidelines/guidelines_nov_2002_blurb.htm]
US Food and Drug Administration homepage. [http://www.fda.gov]
Gericke C, Riesberg A, Busse R: Ethical issues in funding orphan drug research and development. J Med Ethics. 2005, 31: 164-168. 10.1136/jme.2003.007138.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beauchamp TL, Childress JF: Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 2001, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Google Scholar
Landmann W, Henley I: Equitable rationing of highly specialized health care services for children: a perspective from South Africa. J Med Ethics. 1999, 25: 224-229. 10.1136/jme.25.3.224.
Article
Google Scholar