Table 2 Behavioral and motor features of the prodromal FTD group and healthy control group

Behavior

 Disinhibition

21 (17.9%)

4 (1.4%)

< 0.001

 Apathy

25 (21.4%)

11 (3.9%)

< 0.001

 Loss of empathy

17 (14.5%)

2 (0.7%)

< 0.001

 Compulsive behavior

16 (13.7%)

3 (1.1%)

< 0.001

 Change in appetite

12 (10.3%)

4 (1.4%)

< 0.001

 ≥ 1 behavioral symptom

51 (43.6%)

19 (6.8%)

< 0.001

Cognitive

 Camel and Cactus

20 (17.4%)

20 (7.2%)

0.005

 TMT A

52 (44.8%)

18 (6.5%)

< 0.001

 TMT B

18 (15.5%)

24 (8.6%)

0.049

 Boston Naming

77 (66.4%)

21 (7.5%)

< 0.001

 Semantic fluencies

21 (18.1%)

15 (5.4%)

< 0.001

 Phonemic fluencies

21 (18.1%)

20 (7.2%)

< 0.001

 Mini-SEA

15 (13.0%)

16 (5.8%)

0.022

 ≥ 1 cognitive impairment

85 (72.6%)

47 (16.8%)

< 0.001

Motor

 Dysarthria

6 (5.1%)

3 (1.1%)

0.022

 Dysphagia

7 (6.0%)

2 (0.7%)

0.003

 Tremor

7 (6.0%)

11 (3.9%)

0.428

 Slowness

7 (6.0%)

3 (1.1%)

0.009

 Weakness

16 (13.7%)

1 (0.4%)

< 0.001

 Gait disorder

9 (7.7%)

5 (1.8%)

0.006

 Falls

7 (6.0%)

1 (0.4%)

0.001

 Difficulties using hands

9 (7.7 %)

0 (0.0%)

< 0.001

 ≥ 1 motor symptom

30 (25.6%)

15 (5.3%)

< 0.001