Fig. 5

Intraperitoneal treatment affects % survival in male EFAD mice and behavior in male E3FAD mice. The % survival was determined after 4 months of chronic intraperitoneal treatment (i.p.) with vehicle control (VC) or CS in EFAD mice A There were no differences in % of survival due to treatment (p = 0.8747), or APOE genotype (0.7860). However, there was a reduction in % survival with sex (p < 0.0001), as less males survived compared to females. CS treatment did not affect B body or C Liver weights. To evaluate the effect of chronic i.p. treatment on behavioral measurements, we compared VC-treated mice versus a naïve cohort of 8-month-old EFAD mice in the Morris water maze test. D In the Acquisition phase there was an effect of day but not treatment in all groups. E and F Probe/memory trial performance. In E3FAD mice, compared to the naïve cohort, chronic i.p. injections resulted in higher latency to platform (p < 0.0001) (E) and lower number of platform crosses (p = 0.0026) (F). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 9–12); *: p < 0.05 CS vs. VC. Percentage survival was analyzed by chi-square (Mantel-Cox) test. MWM acquisition data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc. The rest of the data was analyzed by by t-test, *: p < 0.05 CS vs. VC. All data is from the same cohort of mice; the n’s differ because of study design, technical issues, and outlier tests