Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

N

2255

919 (40%)

1336 (60%)

Baseline age, mean (SD)

71.00 (8.67)

71.24 (8.14)

70.84 (9.02)

Female, n (%)

1392 (62%)

592 (64%)

800 (60%)

 < 0.05^b

BMI, mean (SD)

25.55 (4.32)

25.43 (4.26)

25.64 (4.36)

Education (year), mean (SD)

11.30 (3.04)

11.79 (2.83)

10.96 (3.13)

 < 0.001^a

No institutionalisation, n (%)

2250 (99%)

918 (99%)

1332 (99%)

MMSE, mean (SD)

27.95 (1.90)

28.54 (1.32)

27.53 (2.12)

 < 0.001^a

Depression score, mean (SD)

1.52 (3.04)

1.14 (2.81)

1.78 (3.16)

 < 0.001^a

IADL, mean (SD)

1.06 (0.17)

1.03 (0.12)

1.08 (0.2)

 < 0.001^a

Smoking, n (%)

162 (7%)

49 (5%)

113 (8%)

 < 0.05^b

Alcohol units, mean (SD)

5.22 (7.86)

5.33 (7.30)

5.14 (8.23)

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

629 (28%)

245 (27%)

384 (29%)

Cardiovascular history, n (%)

307 (14%)

104 (11%)

203 (15%)

 < 0.05^b

Hypertension, n (%)

1362 (60%)

553 (60%)

809 (61%)

Diabetes, n (%)

197 (9%)

66 (7%)

131 (10%)

 < 0.05^b

EQ-5D utility, mean (SD)

0.82 (0.17)

0.84 (0.16)

0.81 (0.18)

 < 0.001^a

EQ-5D VAS, mean (SD)

72.52 (15.63)

75.80 (14.82)

70.26 (15.77)

 < 0.001^a

Follow-up (year), mean (SD)

4.05 (1.64)

4.20 (1.58)

3.95 (1.67)

 < 0.001^a

Converts to dementia, n (%)

310 (14%)

31 (3%)

279 (21%)

 < 0.001^b