Fig. 1
From: Clinical and biological relevance of glial fibrillary acidic protein in Alzheimer’s disease
Group comparisons of GFAP, ptau-181, and NfL. a Violin plots of blood-based markers between groups stratified by clinical diagnosis and brain amyloid status. The comparisons between groups were conducted after adjusting for demographical variables including age, sex, and education. b Sex differences in each group. The comparisons between male and female were conducted separately for each group, and the concentrations were not adjusting for demographical variables since sex was the factor of interest. CU, cognitively unimpaired; CI, cognitively impaired; ± , brain amyloid positive/negative; M, male; F, female