Fig. 4
From: PACAP–Sirtuin3 alleviates cognitive impairment through autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease
The expression of autophagy biomarkers in HT22 cells was increased after PACAP treatment. A Electron microscope image of oligomeric Aβ42; scale bar, 5 μm. B Electron microscope image of culture media without oligomeric Aβ42; scale bar, 5 μm. C HT22 cell viability (measured by optical density [OD]) after treatment with various concentrations of oligomeric Aβ; n = 4–6. D HT22 cell viability after no treatment (control group), oligomeric Aβ42 (20 μM) treatment, and oligomeric Aβ (20 μM) + PACAP (100 nM) treatment; n = 4. Western blots and corresponding graphs show protein levels of (E) LC3-II:I, (F) ATG5, and (G) Beclin1 in HT22 cells after no treatment (control group), oligomeric Aβ42 treatment for 24 h (Aβ group) and oligomeric Aβ42 + PACAP treatment for 24 h (Aβ + PACAP group), n = 5. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01