Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
From: Serum immunoglobulins and biomarkers of dementia: a population-based study
Characteristic | Sample with plasma biomarkers of dementia (N = 3455) | Sample with neuroimaging data (N = 3139) |
|---|---|---|
Sex (%) | ||
 Female | 1976 (57.2) | 1709 (54.4) |
Age in years [median, IQR] | 65.8 [61.5, 72.0] | 57.4 [52.7, 60.7] |
Educational attainment (%) | ||
 Primary education | 334 (9.8) | 308 (9.9) |
 Further education | 2565 (75.0) | 1994 (63.8) |
 Higher education | 519 ( 15.2) | 823 (26.3) |
APOE-ε4 carrier (%) | 920 (27.4) | 875 (29.8) |
Smoking status (%) | ||
 Never | 1052 (30.8) | 923 (29.5) |
 Former | 1830 (53.5) | 1571 (50.2) |
 Current | 537 (15.7) | 635 (20.3) |
Alcohol consumption (%) | ||
 None | 474 (21.3) | 315 (11.1) |
 Mild (0–10 g/day) | 961 (43.2) | 1823 (64.1) |
 Moderate (10–20 g/day) | 357 (16.1) | 530 (18.6) |
 Heavy (> 20 g/day) | 430 (19.4) | 178 (6.3) |
Hypertension (%) | 1271 (37.8) | 1137 (36.6) |
Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 1544 (44.7) | 1437 (45.9) |
Body mass index in kg/m2 (mean, SD) | 27.0 (3.9) | 27.4 (4.3) |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mean, SD) | 87.3 (14.4) | 76.8 (14.0) |
Diabetes (%) | 380 (11.0) | 290 (9.2) |
History of stroke (%) | 90 (2.6) | 68 (2.2) |
History of coronary heart disease (%) | 233 (6.8) | 114 (3.6) |
Use of drugs affecting immunoglobulins (%) | 420 (12.4) | 468 (15.0) |
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score [median, IQR] | 28.0 [27.0, 29.0] | 28.0 [27.0, 29.0] |
Serum IgA in g/L [median, IQR] | 2.1 [1.6, 2.7] | 2.0 [1.5, 2.7] |
Serum IgG in g/L [median, IQR] | 9.5 [8.1, 10.9] | 9.8 [8.5, 11.2] |
Serum IgM in g/L [median, IQR] | 0.9 [0.6, 1.2] | 0.9 [0.6, 1.2] |
Plasma neurofilament light chain (pg/mL) | 15.3 (12.0) | 14.0 (14.4) |
Plasma total tau (pg/mL) | 2.6 (2.5) | 2.6 (0.9) |
Plasma amyloid-beta 40 (pg/mL) | 262.7 (53.3) | 255.1 (46.3) |
Plasma amyloid-beta 42 (pg/mL) | 10.5 (3.0) | 11.1 (5.5) |
Total intracranial volume in cm3 (mean, SD) | 1151.0 (114.3) | 1144.1 (117.0) |
Total brain volume in cm3 (mean, SD) | 936.4 (95.7) | 958.9 (99.4) |
Gray matter volume in cm3 (mean, SD) | 528.6 (48.9) | 538.8 (54.9) |
White matter volume in cm3 (mean, SD) | 407.8 (59.6) | 420.1 (58.7) |
White matter lesions in cm3 [median, IQR] | 3.7 [2.3, 7.1] | 2.2 [1.4, 3.9] |
Hippocampal volume in cm3 (mean, SD) | 6.7 (0.7) | 6.9 (0.7) |
Fractional anisotropy (mean, SD) | - | 0.34 (0.02) |
Mean diffusivity (mean, SD) | - | 0.73 (0.02) |