Fig. 4

Sensitivity and stratified analyses: associations between serum immunoglobulins and neuroimaging markers. Associations are presented using z-scores (adjusted mean difference (β)/standard error (SE)) for 3139 study participants. Higher z-scores represent positive associations, whereas lower z-scores represent negative associations. Model II is displayed, which is adjusted for age, sex, cohort, intracranial volume, time difference, smoking status, alcohol consumption, educational attainment and APOE-ε4 carriership, while excluding the variable that was stratified on. All neuroimaging markers and serum immunoglobulins were standardized. Models of WMH, FA and MD were additionally corrected for normal appearing white matter volume. Abbreviations: TBV = total brain volume, GM = gray matter volume, WM = white matter volume, HV = hippocampal volume, WMH = white matter hyperintensities, FA = fractional anisotropy, MD = mean diffusivity. Stars denote suggestive associations: * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001. A detailed overview of all models (I-III) can be found in Supplementary Tables 4, 6, and 8.