Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: role in early and differential diagnosis and recognition of atypical variants

Table 2 Potential differential diagnoses of the different phenotypes of AD

Phenotype	Potential differential diagnoses
Amnestic syndrome [11, 20, 67]	• Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy • Dementia with Lewy bodies • Primary age-related tauopathy • Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
lvPPA [68]	• Mild cognitive impairment • nfPPA • svPPA
PCA [16, 20]	• Dementia with Lewy bodies • Cortical basal degeneration • Prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
CBS [21]	• Cortical basal degeneration • Progressive supranuclear palsy • Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Behavioral variant of frontal AD [20]	• Behavioral variant of FTD
Dysexecutive variant of frontal AD [69]	• Behavioral variant of FTD

AD Alzheimer’s disease, CBS corticobasal syndrome, FTD frontotemporal dementia, lvPPA logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia, nfPPA non-fluent primary progressive aphasia, PCA posterior cortical atrophy, svPPA semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, TDP-43 TAR DNA-binding protein 43

ISSN: 1758-9193