Table 1 Clinical features of the different phenotypes of AD

Amnestic syndrome [13]

1. Poor free recall

2. Decreased total recall (insufficient efficacy of cueing or impaired recognition)

3. Numerous intrusions

lvPPA [15]

Both of the following core features must be present:

1. Impaired single-word retrieval in spontaneous speech and naming

2. Impaired repetition of sentences and phrases

At least three of the following other features must be present:

1. Speech (phonologic) errors in spontaneous speech and naming

2. Spared single-word comprehension and object knowledge

3. Spared motor speech

4. Absence of frank agrammatism

PCA [16]

At least three of the following must be present as early or presenting features ± evidence of their impact on activities of daily living:

• Space perception deficit

• Simultanagnosia

• Object perception deficit

• Constructional dyspraxia

• Environmental agnosia

• Oculomotor apraxia

• Dressing apraxia

• Optic ataxia

• Alexia

• Left/right disorientation

• Acalculia

• Limb apraxia (not limb-kinetic)

• Apperceptive prosopagnosia

• Agraphia

• Homonymous visual field defect

• Finger agnosia

All of the following must be evident:

• Relatively spared anterograde memory function

• Relatively spared speech and nonvisual language functions

• Relatively spared executive functions

• Relatively spared behavior and personality

CBS [17]

• Asymmetric dystonia

• Focal or segmental myoclonus

• Parkinsonian rigidity

• Alien limb phenomena

• Limb apraxia

• Cortical sensory loss or dyscalculia

• Frontal executive dysfunction

• Visuospacial deficits

Behavioral variant of frontal AD [18]

• Apathy

• Disinhibition

• Loss of empathy

• Perseverative or compulsive behavior

• Hyperorality

• Dietary changes

Dysexecutive variant of frontal AD [18]

• Decline in working memory

• Decline in cognitive flexibility and inhibition

• Absence of behavioral features of frontal AD