Fig. 6

Identification of HHcy-altered phagocytic AD MG DEGs and working model for HHcy-suppressed MG Aβ phagocytosis. A Identification of HHcy-altered phagocytic AD MG DEGs. Through overlapping the Cbs-/- MG DEG with 5 phagocytic MG DEGs identified in this study, a total of 10 HHcy-altered phagocytic AD MG DEGs were determined. B Overlap analysis of Cbs-/- MG DEGs with other MG DEGs related with AD phagocytosis and hypomethylation. The tables display the gene function, cellular location, and expression changes observed in both Cbs-/- MG and AD-related MG models used in this analysis. C Working model for HHcy-suppressed Aβ phagocytosis in AD MG. The proposed model elucidates the process of Aβ generation and cellular clearance, and the impact of impaired HM cycle on histone/DNA hypomethylation, and potential molecular targets/signaling pathways underlying HHcy-suppressed Aβ phagocytosis in AD MG. Aβ, amyloid beta; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; Cbs, cystathionine beta synthase; Cyst, cystathionine; DEG, differentially expressed gene; DMG, differentially methylated genes; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FC, fold change; HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia; His, histone; HM, homocysteine-methionine; KO, knockout; MG, microglia; Mt, mitochondria; PM, plasma membrane