Fig. 3

Identification of DEGs in MG from AD human and mouse. A Summary of four human MG RNA-sequencing datasets. DEGs in human MG from AD patients compared to healthy controls using 4 SN and bulk RNA-seq datasets. The criteria for selecting DEGs were FC ≥ 1.5 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. B Summary of seven mouse MG RNA-sequencing datasets. DEGs in MG from AD mice versus control were identified in 7 RNA-seq datasets, including SN, SC, and bulk RNA-seq studies. The same criteria for selecting DEGs were applied. C Selection of total AD MG DEGs. A total of 409 AD MG DEGs in human and 777 overlapped at least in two mouse datasets were selected, excluding those that had the opposite direction of gene expression alteration. D Top 15 biological processes. The top 15 biological processes for the selected human and mouse AD MG DEGs were identified using Gene Ontology analysis. Enrichment effect describes the strength of the process. E Overlapped AD MG DEGs common in both human and mouse. The study identified a total of 22 upregulated and 15 downregulated AD MG DEGs that overlapped in both human and mouse datasets. F The study identified 23 AD MG DEGs with opposing changes in gene expression in humans and mice. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CSF, colony stimulating factor; CT, control; DC, dendritic cell; DEG, differentially expressed gene; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FC, fold change; GO, gene ontology analysis; MFN, middle frontal neocortex; MG, microglia; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; NA, not available; SC, single cell; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SN, single nucleus; TGN, trans-Golgi-network