Skip to main content

Table 5 Results of multiple linear regression analyses of the association between walking duration and cognition (n = 188)

From: High-intensity walking in midlife is associated with improved memory in physically capable older adults

 

Total score

Memory score

Non-memory score

B

SE

\(\beta\)

p

B

SE

\(\beta\)

p

B

SE

\(\beta\)

p

Overall (n = 125)

 Model 1a

  High

8.482

2.748

0.243

0.002

3.816

1.623

0.183

0.020

2.734

1.238

0.182

0.028

  Low

6.151

2.449

0.194

0.013

3.540

1.446

0.187

0.015

1.197

1.103

0.088

0.279

  None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Model 2b

  High

5.495

2.177

0.173

0.013

3.210

1.331

0.169

0.017

0.622

1.017

0.046

0.542

  Low

5.447

2.460

0.156

0.028

2.266

1.503

0.108

0.134

1.326

1.149

0.088

0.250

  None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Model 3c

  High

− 2.676

3.851

− 0.084

0.488

0.264

2.980

0.014

0.912

− 1.808

1.820

− 0.133

0.322

  Low

− 5.181

4.815

− 0.148

0.283

− 1.565

2.384

− 0.075

0.600

− 1.834

2.275

− 0.122

0.421

  None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Midlife-initiated walking (n = 103)

 Model 1a

  High

6.958

2.695

0.210

0.011

4.318

1.569

0.224

0.007

1.429

1.198

0.102

0.235

  Low

8.353

3.058

0.225

0.007

3.534

1.780

0.164

0.049

2.730

1.359

0.174

0.046

  None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Model 2b

  High

5.768

2.371

0.174

0.016

3.673

1.437

0.190

0.012

0.722

1.089

0.051

0.508

  Low

4.877

2.727

0.132

0.076

1.677

1.653

0.078

0.312

1.064

1.253

0.068

0.397

  None

  

Reference

   

 Model 3c

Reference

   

Reference

 

  High

− 4.684

4.311

− 0.142

0.279

− 0.197

2.659

− 0.010

0.941

− 1.695

2.022

− 0.121

0.403

  Low

− 9.096

5.544

− 0.245

0.103

− 3.497

3.419

− 0.162

0.308

− 2.168

2.601

− 0.138

0.406

  None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Late life-initiated walking (n = 22)

 Model 1a

  High

9.811

4.598

0.224

0.036

5.929

3.110

0.200

0.060

3.335

2.206

0.166

0.135

  Low

2.191

4.130

0.057

0.569

− 0.337

2.793

− 0.013

0.904

0.366

1.981

0.021

0.854

  None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Model 2b

  High

11.636

4.460

0.265

0.011

7.139

3.110

0.240

0.025

3.636

2.279

0.181

0.116

  Low

1.354

4.018

0.035

0.737

− 0.005

2.802

< 0.001

0.999

− 0.981

2.053

− 0.055

0.634

  None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Model 3c

  High

− 0.084

10.234

− 0.002

0.993

− 0.580

7.147

− 0.020

0.936

− 2.738

5.220

− 0.136

0.602

  Low

− 9.868

9,693

− 0.255

0.313

− 7.396

6.769

− 0.282

0.279

− 7.084

4.944

− 0.399

0.157

  None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 
  1. For these analyses, we used the no walking (n = 63) as the reference
  2. APOE4 Apolipoprotein ε4, GDS Geriatric depression scale, VRS Vascular risk score, BMI Body mass index
  3. aAdjusted for age, sex, and APOE4
  4. bAdjusted for covariates in model 1 plus, education, clinical diagnosis, GDS, annual income, alcohol intake, smoking, VRS, BMI, dietary pattern including food types (such as protein and fruit or vegetables), serum nutritional markers (such as hemoglobin, albumin, glucose, and HDL-/LDL-cholesterol), and overall physical activity score
  5. cAdjusted for covariates in model 2 plus, walking intensity
Back to article page

Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193