Different associations between amyloid-βeta 42, amyloid-βeta 40, and amyloid-βeta 42/40 with soluble phosphorylated-tau and disease burden in Alzheimer’s disease: a cerebrospinal fluid and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics across AT groups

	A − T − (n = 36)	CSFAβ₄₂ + /amyR − (n = 52)	CSFAβ₄₂ + /amyR + (n = 46)	A + T + (n = 65)	p
Age (years)	70.72 ± 3.81	68.90 ± 9.55	71.34 ± 8.91	72.31 ± 6.56	0.15
Male (%)	33.3%	55.7%	60.8%	33.8%	< 0.01
CSF Aβ₄₂ (pg/ml)	1270.91 ± 196.67	394.45 ± 85.80	341.92 ± 81.18	389.17 ± 105.41	< 0.001
CSF Aβ₄₀ (pg/ml)	5870.36 ± 1283.07	4740.74 ± 1457.22	8110.55 ± 2490.97	10092.15 ± 3352.14	< 0.001
CSF p-tau (pg/ml)	25.27 ± 6.65	29.12 ± 13.63	44.84 ± 13.28	101.37 ± 30.89	< 0.001
CSF t-tau (pg/ml)	165.82 ± 60.60	149.30 ± 77.60	233.84 ± 72.53	646.54 ± 261.38	< 0.001
CSF p-tau/Aβ₄₂	0.02 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.04	0.14 ± 0.05	0.28 ± 0.11	< 0.001
Qalb	5.62 ± 3.40	8.75 ± 6.33	7.46 ± 4.11	7.44 ± 6.58	< 0.01
MMSE	29.19 ± 1.97	21.31 ± 4.82	21.50 ± 5.15	20.25 ± 4.95	< 0.001
MCI/Dementia (n)	0/0	21/31	18/28	15/50	0.08
Diabetes (%)	38.9%	55.8%	56.5%	58.5%	0.26
Hypertension (%)	47.2%	21.2%	19.6%	15.4%	< 0.01
Dyslipidemia (%)	27.8%	19.2%	26.1%	35.4%	0.28
APOE4 (%)	n.a	28.8%	32.6%	55.4%	< 0.01

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or percentages, when applicable. CSF cerebrospinal fluid, Qalb albumin quotient, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, p p-value. MMSE score of ≥ 24 was used as a cut-off to separate MCI from dementia patients. Percentages indicate subjects showing the presence of each variable within the group. Bold values represent p-value < 0.05

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