Comparative evaluation of clinical and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker characteristics in rapidly and non-rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease

Table 3 Comparative evaluations of clinical scores

Clinical scores^a	Overall cohort	rpAD	Non-rpAD	P-value (p-value MLRA)
BADL	46 (5)	44 (8)	46 (4)	0.001 (< 0.001)*
IADL	6 (4)	5 (5)	7 (3)	0.001 (< 0.001)*
UPDRS III	6 (10)	11 (15.25)	4 (8)	< 0.001 (< 0.001)*
Depression scale^b patients	2 (3)	2 (3,5)	2 (3)	0.447 (0.642)
Depression scale^b relatives	3 (3)	3 (2.75)	3 (3)	0.797 (0.847)
CERAD plus test item^c (n: rpAD/n: non-rpAD)
Semantic fluency (40/56)	− 1.7 ± 1.0	− 2.14 ± 0.9	− 1.4 ± 1.0	0.008*
Boston Naming Test (41/56)	− 1.14 ± 1.4	− 1.2 ± 1.5	− 1.1 ± 1.4	0.726
Word list learning (38/56)	− 3.0 ± 1.6	− 3.6 ± 1.5	− 2.6 ± 1.5	0.007*
Word list recall (38/56)	− 2.5 ± 1.2	− 2.7 ± 1.2	− 2.3 ± 1.2	0.395
Word list intrusions (38/56)	− 1.0 ± 1.2	− 1.1 ± 1.2	− 0.8 ± 1.2	0.228
Word list savings (%)(35/56)	− 2.2 ± 1.8	− 2.3 ± 2.0	− 2.1 ± 1.8	0.806
Discriminability (%)(37/55)	− 2.4 ± 1.5	− 2.5 ± 1.6	− 2.3 ± 1.5	0.928
Figure drawings (41/56)	− 1.5 ± 1.8	− 1.4 ± 1.8	− 1.5 ± 1.9	0.201
Figure recalls (40/56)	− 2.7 ± 1.3	− 3.0 ± 1.4	− 2.7 ± 1.2	0.909
Figure savings (%) (40/55)	− 2.1 ± 1.3	− 2.2 ± 1.2	− 2.1 ± 1.3	0.804
Phonematic fluency (39/54)	− 0.8 ± 1.2	− 1.3 ± 1.1	− 0.5 ± 1.2	0.023*
Trail Making Test A (34/47)	− 1.7 ± 1.3	− 1.9 ± 1.3	− 1.4 ± 1.2	0.178
Trail Making Test B (9/37)	− 1.6 ± 1.1	− 2.2 ± 0.6	− 1.4 ± 1.2	0.151

Abbreviations: rpAD rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease, BADL Basic Activities of Daily Living, IQR interquartile range, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, UPDRS III Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale
^aClinical scores are displayed as median and inter quartile range. P-values were derived from Mann–Whitney U test and MLRA, multiple logistic regression analyses including disease duration and age
^bDepression scale: 0 = not depressed; 10 = most severe level of depression. Scores are displayed as median and inter quartile range
^cLogistic regression analyses were performed using z-values (adjusted for age, sex and education) of all CEARD test items. Z-values are displayed as mean and standard deviation. In each model, the patient’s MMSE score was included as confounding variable to adjust for overall cognitive disease stage
^*p-values below significance threshold of 0.05

ISSN: 1758-9193