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Table 2 Clinical symptom complexes

From: Comparative evaluation of clinical and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker characteristics in rapidly and non-rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease

 

Overall cohort

n (yes/no), (%)

rpAD

n (yes/no), (%)

Non-rpAD

n (yes/no), (%)

P-value

(after MLRA)

Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms

    Affective symptoms

142/69 (67%)

47/15 (76%)

96/54 (64%)

0.109 (0.200)

    Psychotic symptoms

21/194 (10%)

7/53 (12%)

14/141 (9%)

0.610 (0.381)

    Sleep disturbances

57/157 (27%)

20/41 (33%)

37/116 (24%)

0.231 (0.323)

Focal neurological signs

    Pyramidal signs

5/199 (2%)

4/57 (7%)

1/141 (1%)

0.029 (0.083)

    Extrapyramidal signs

53/160 (25%)

20/41 (33%)

33/119 (22%)

0.114 (0.056)

    Ataxia

20/192 (9%)

8/52 (13%)

12/140 (8%)

0.295 (0.379)

  1. Affective symptoms: apathy/drive reduction, anxiety, depression, euphoria, labile affect. Psychotic symptoms: delusion, hallucinations acoustic/visual/other. Sleep disturbances: sleep maintenance insomnia, sleep onset insomnia, day night reversal. Pyramidal signs: myoclonus, Babinski’s sign. Extrapyramidal signs: rigidity, resting tremor, hypokinesia. Ataxia: gait ataxia, static ataxia, truncal ataxia, appendicular ataxia
  2. Abbreviations: rpAD rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease, MLRA multiple logistic regression analysis