Characteristics | Stage 0 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | SNAP | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 315 | 189 | 92 | 250 | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 61.89 ± 10.78 | 61.39 ± 10.753 | 68.48 ± 9.44 | 66.22 ± 9.75 | < 0.001 |
Female gender (N, %) | 127 (40.3) | 94 (49.7) | 37 (48.0) | 87 (37.6) | 0.088 |
Education (years) | 9.18 ± 4.11 | 9.61 ± 4.01 | 7.73 ± 4.60 | 8.7 ± 4.53 | 0.010 |
APOE ε4 carriers (N, %) | 33 (10.4) | 23 (12.1) | 17 (18.4) | 37 (14.8) | 0.193 |
MMSE score | 27.2 ± 3.69 | 27.46 ± 3.06 | 25.46 ± 4.19 | 26.77 ± 3.46 | < 0.001 |
MOCA | 22.83 ± 5.21 | 22.81 ± 4.80 | 19.78 ± 5.83 | 21.71 ± 5.36 | < 0.001 |
CVF (yes/N) | 148/167 | 94/95 | 51/41 | 135/115 | 0.294 |
Nephropathy (yes/N) | 7/308 | 2/187 | 4/88 | 7/180 | 0.361 |
Hyperlipidemia (yes/N) | 13/302 | 5/184 | 4/88 | 21/229 | 0.033 |
CHD (yes/N) | 44/271 | 27/162 | 15/77 | 41/209 | 0.829 |
Stroke (yes/N) | 17/298 | 8/181 | 3/89 | 17/232 | 0.508 |
Diabetes (yes/N) | 44/271 | 35/154 | 12/80 | 51/199 | 0.125 |
Hypertension (yes/N) | 114/201 | 77/112 | 41/51 | 111/139 | 0.177 |
Smoking status (yes/N) | 85/230 | 41/148 | 20/72 | 74/176 | 0.216 |
Alcohol habit (yes/N) | 97/218 | 44/145 | 21/71 | 70/180 | 0.217 |
Blood biomarkers | |||||
BUN (nmol/l) | 5.74 ± 1.91 | 5.69 ± 2.06 | 5.87 ± 1.81 | 5.83 ± 2.35 | 0.510 |
Cr (μmol/l) | 65.70 ± 25.51 | 66.71 ± 37.86 | 66.00 ± 22.95 | 68.17 ± 49.72 | 0.348 |
BUN/Cr | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.42 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.23 | 0.972 |
UA (μmol/l) | 345.94 ± 93.97 | 337.98 ± 99.02 | 333.77 ± 82.65 | 347.74 ± 86.86 | 0.261 |
β2-microglobulin (mg/l) | 1.77 ± 0.77 | 2.11 ± 1.89 | 2.36 ± 1.26 | 2.13 ± 2.43 | < 0.001 |
CSF biomarkers | |||||
Aβ1–42 (pg/ml) | 341.24 ± 121.61 | 131.23 ± 44.51 | 135.54 ± 43.53 | 423.95 ± 176.26 | < 0.001 |
Aβ1–40 (pg/ml) | 6203.42 ± 3745.72 | 4882.97 ± 2774.09 | 7766.22 ± 4393.87 | 8790.70 ± 3670.17 | < 0.001 |
T-tau (pg/ml) | 156.91 ± 36.05 | 135.39 ± 37.95 | 311.79 ± 146.80 | 291.72 ± 101.41 | < 0.001 |
P-tau (pg/ml) | 37.33 ± 7.45 | 33.04 ± 8.46 | 59.47 ± 15.18 | 58.00 ± 15.04 | < 0.001 |
Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 | 0.057 (0.044–0.077) | 0.030 (0.020–0.042) | 0.019 (0.012–0.030) | 0.048 (0.037–0.064) | < 0.001 |
T-tau/Aβ1–42 | 0.483 (0.371–0.631) | 1.002 (0.749–1.483) | 2.160 (1.521–3.356) | 0.680 (0.488–0.973) | < 0.001 |
P-tau/Aβ1–42 | 0.116 (0.089–0.152) | 0.249 (0.193–0.359) | 0.441 (0.324–0.583) | 0.143 (0.106–0.190) | < 0.001 |