Table 1 Characteristics of participants by biomarker framework

N

315

189

92

250

 < 0.001

Age (years)

61.89 ± 10.78

61.39 ± 10.753

68.48 ± 9.44

66.22 ± 9.75

 < 0.001

Female gender (N, %)

127 (40.3)

94 (49.7)

37 (48.0)

87 (37.6)

0.088

Education (years)

9.18 ± 4.11

9.61 ± 4.01

7.73 ± 4.60

8.7 ± 4.53

0.010

APOE ε4 carriers (N, %)

33 (10.4)

23 (12.1)

17 (18.4)

37 (14.8)

0.193

MMSE score

27.2 ± 3.69

27.46 ± 3.06

25.46 ± 4.19

26.77 ± 3.46

 < 0.001

MOCA

22.83 ± 5.21

22.81 ± 4.80

19.78 ± 5.83

21.71 ± 5.36

 < 0.001

CVF (yes/N)

148/167

94/95

51/41

135/115

0.294

Nephropathy (yes/N)

7/308

2/187

4/88

7/180

0.361

Hyperlipidemia (yes/N)

13/302

5/184

4/88

21/229

0.033

CHD (yes/N)

44/271

27/162

15/77

41/209

0.829

Stroke (yes/N)

17/298

8/181

3/89

17/232

0.508

Diabetes (yes/N)

44/271

35/154

12/80

51/199

0.125

Hypertension (yes/N)

114/201

77/112

41/51

111/139

0.177

Smoking status (yes/N)

85/230

41/148

20/72

74/176

0.216

Alcohol habit (yes/N)

97/218

44/145

21/71

70/180

0.217

Blood biomarkers

 BUN (nmol/l)

5.74 ± 1.91

5.69 ± 2.06

5.87 ± 1.81

5.83 ± 2.35

0.510

 Cr (μmol/l)

65.70 ± 25.51

66.71 ± 37.86

66.00 ± 22.95

68.17 ± 49.72

0.348

 BUN/Cr

0.09 ± 0.02

0.09 ± 0.42

0.09 ± 0.03

0.09 ± 0.23

0.972

 UA (μmol/l)

345.94 ± 93.97

337.98 ± 99.02

333.77 ± 82.65

347.74 ± 86.86

0.261

 β₂-microglobulin (mg/l)

1.77 ± 0.77

2.11 ± 1.89

2.36 ± 1.26

2.13 ± 2.43

 < 0.001

CSF biomarkers

 Aβ_1–42 (pg/ml)

341.24 ± 121.61

131.23 ± 44.51

135.54 ± 43.53

423.95 ± 176.26

 < 0.001

 Aβ_1–40 (pg/ml)

6203.42 ± 3745.72

4882.97 ± 2774.09

7766.22 ± 4393.87

8790.70 ± 3670.17

 < 0.001

 T-tau (pg/ml)

156.91 ± 36.05

135.39 ± 37.95

311.79 ± 146.80

291.72 ± 101.41

 < 0.001

 P-tau (pg/ml)

37.33 ± 7.45

33.04 ± 8.46

59.47 ± 15.18

58.00 ± 15.04

 < 0.001

 Aβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40

0.057 (0.044–0.077)

0.030 (0.020–0.042)

0.019 (0.012–0.030)

0.048 (0.037–0.064)

 < 0.001

 T-tau/Aβ_1–42

0.483 (0.371–0.631)

1.002 (0.749–1.483)

2.160 (1.521–3.356)

0.680 (0.488–0.973)

 < 0.001

 P-tau/Aβ_1–42

0.116 (0.089–0.152)

0.249 (0.193–0.359)

0.441 (0.324–0.583)

0.143 (0.106–0.190)

 < 0.001