Table 1 Characteristics of previous studies of the relationship between adiponectin or leptin and cognitive decline or risk of dementia
First author, year | Study design | Follow-up years | Sample size (n) | Age (years) | Female (%) | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adiponectin | ||||||
van Himbergen, 2012 [6] | Prospective cohort study | 13 | 840 | 72.6 | 64.4 | Positive association: Higher plasma adiponectin levels were associated with a higher risk of incident all-cause dementia and AD only in females, not in males. |
Teixeira, 2013 [8] | Cross-sectional/prospective cohort study | 2.5 | 157 | 71.4 | 73.6 | (Cross-sectional study) Negative association: Serum adiponectin levels were lower in MCI and AD as compared to normal cognition. (Prospective study) No association between adiponectin levels and incident MCI or AD. |
Kitagawa, 2016 [9] | Prospective cohort study | 6.9 | 466 | 67.8 | 43 | No association between serum adiponectin levels and incident all-cause dementia, AD, and vascular dementia. |
Gilbert, 2018 [10] | Prospective cohort study | 1.2 | 205 | 80.6 | 65.4 | No association between baseline serum adiponectin levels and the course of cognitive decline. |
van Andel, 2021 [7] | Prospective cohort study | 3 | 898 | 69.8 | 53.9 | Positive association: Higher serum adiponectin levels were associated with more decline in general cognitive function and information processing speed only in females. |
Kim, 2021 [11] | Prospective cohort study | 5.3 | 345 | 76.6 | 34.5 | No association between baseline serum adiponectin levels and the course of cognitive decline in MCI. |
Ban, 2007 [12] | Cross-sectional study | 0 | 60 | 79.3 | 45 | No association: Serum adiponectin levels were not significantly different between normal cognition and vascular dementia group. |
Une, 2011 [13] | Cross-sectional study | 0 | 73 | 74.7 | 60.3 | Positive association: Plasma adiponectin levels were higher in MCI and AD as compared to normal cognition. |
Letra, 2019 [18] | Cross-sectional study | 0 | 124 | 73.9 | 68.5 | Positive association: Plasma adiponectin levels were higher in AD as compared to MCI. |
Leptin | ||||||
Lieb, 2009 [5] | Prospective cohort study | 8.3 | 785 | 79 | 62 | Negative association: Higher plasma leptin levels were associated with a lower risk of incident all-cause dementia and AD. |
Holden, 2009 [14] | Prospective cohort study | 5 | 2870 | 73.7 | 51 | Negative association: Higher serum leptin levels were associated with less cognitive decline. |
Gustafson, 2012 [15] | Prospective cohort study | 32 | 1384 | 46.9 | 100 | No association between leptin levels and incident all-cause dementia. |
Zeki Al Hazzouri, 2013 [16] | Prospective cohort study | 4 | 579 | 82.6 | 100 | Negative association: Higher leptin levels were associated with a lower risk of incident all-cause dementia or MCI only in those with BMI < 25 kg/m2. |
Oania, 2015 [17] | Prospective cohort study | 3 | 352 | 74.7 | 36.4 | No association between leptin levels and incident all-cause dementia. |
Gilbert, 2018 [10] | Prospective cohort study | 1.2 | 205 | 80.6 | 65.4 | No association between baseline serum leptin levels and cognitive decline. |
van Andel, 2021 [7] | Prospective cohort study | 3 | 898 | 69.8 | 53.9 | No association between baseline serum leptin levels and cognitive decline. |
Ban, 2007 [12] | Cross-sectional study | 0 | 60 | 79.3 | 45 | No association: Serum leptin levels were not significantly different between normal cognition and vascular dementia group. |
Letra, 2019 [18] | Cross-sectional study | 0 | 124 | 73.9 | 68.5 | No association: Plasma leptin levels were not significantly different between MCI and AD. |