Reading activities compensate for low education-related cognitive deficits

Table 2 The logistic and linear regression analysis of reading in all cognitive tests

Logistic regression	Model 1, OR, 95% CI	P	Model 2, OR, 95% CI	P
Global CDR score (=0), 330 (71.9%)	2.012, 1.258–3.218	0.004	1.416, 0.848–2.365	0.210
Linear regression	Model 1, Beta, 95%CI	P	Model 2, Beta, 95%CI	P
MMSE	2.193 [1.463, 2.923]	<0.001	1.044 [0.302, 1.787]	0.006
MOCA	3.342 [2.486, 4.198]	<0.001	1.546 [0.744, 2.348]	<0.001
DST total	1.240 [0.749, 1.731]	<0.001	0.496 [0.003, 0.988]	0.048
RAVLT learn total	4.162 [2.208, 6.121]	<0.001	1.235 [−0.758, 3.227]	0.224
RAVLT long-delayed recall	1.185 [0.544, 1.826]	<0.001	0.241 [−0.426, 0.907]	0.478
ROCF copy	3.800 [1.487, 6.114]	0.001	1.296 [−0.998, 3.590]	0.267
ROCF delayed recall	5.359 [3.138, 7.580]	<0.001	3.103 [0.892, 5.314]	0.006
Stroop D time	−5.162 [−7.712, −2.611]	<0.001	−3.080 [−5.789, −0.371]	0.026
Stroop W time	−4.802 [−7.074, −2.530]	<0.001	−3.304 [−5.694, −0.914]	0.007
TMT-A time	−14.499 [−19.792, −9.206]	<0.001	−8.246 [−13.798, −2.694]	0.004
TMT-B time	−26.290 [−40.525, −12.055]	<0.001	−7.465 [−22.449–7.519]	0.328
BNT	2.961 [2.252, 3.669]	<0.001	1.761 [1.048, 2.474]	<0.001
SDMT	7.385 [5.233, 9.538]	<0.001	2.719 [0.693, 4.746]	0.009
CDT	0.703 [0.284, 1.121]	0.001	0.219 [−0.218, 0.656]	0.325

Model 1 logistic or linear regression included age and sex
Model 2 logistic or linear regression included age, sex, and years of education
Abbreviations: OR odds ratio for logistic regression, CI confidence interval, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, DST Digit Span Test, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, ROCF Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, TMT Trail Making Test, BNT Boston Naming Test, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test, CDT clock drawing test, NPI Neuropsychiatry Inventory

ISSN: 1758-9193