Fig. 4

APOE4 moderated associations between modifiable midlife risk and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). a Full structural model assessing associations between the composite score of modifiable midlife risk with the latent SVD variable accounting for age and sex, and the moderating effect of APOE4 on their association. Rectangles represent observed variables; ovals represent latent variables. Values represent standardised beta coefficients. Solid lines indicate statistically significant associations; dashed lines indicate non-significant paths. b Interaction plot of marginal effects derived from separate regression analysis fitting the risk*APOE4 interaction term on the composite hypertensive arteriopathy score, adjusting for sex, age, and study site