Fig. 1

LPD is a novel PPARγ agonist and significantly reduced the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in APP/PS1 cells. A Synthesis of ligustrazine piperazine derivative (LPD). B Identification of LPD as a novel natural PPARγ agonist using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. C LPD treatment had no significant effect on the viability of PPER-transfected PC12 cells. D Fluorescence images of the APP/PS1 stably overexpressing cell line. Scale bar = 400 μm. E LPD treatment significantly reduced Aβ40 levels in APP/PS1 cells. F LPD treatment substantially reduced Aβ42 levels in APP/PS1 cells. G LPD treatment had no significant effect on the viability of APP/PS1 cells. Data are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 6 per group) and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. ##, P < 0.01 versus control; **, P < 0.01 versus LPD treatment