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Table 1 Clinical and imaging characteristics of the cohort, N = 137

From: Imaging markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive arteriopathy differentiate Alzheimer disease subtypes synergistically

Characteristic

Typical (N = 33)

LP (N = 26)

HS (N = 40)

MA (N = 38)

P value

Sex, female, N (%)

20

(60.6%)

12

(46.2%)

25

(62.5%)

31

(81.6%)

0.030*

Age, years

81.0

(74.5–83.5)

76.5

(65.8–84.3)

79.5

(76.0–84.0)

77.0

(70.8–79.0)

0.010*

Education, years

6.0

(6–10.5)

6.0

(6.0–12.0)

6.0

(6.0–9.0)

6.0

(0.0–12.0)

0.659

Smoking, N (%)

4

(12.1%)

1

(3.8%)

2

(5.0%)

3

(7.9%)

0.588

Vascular risk factors

  Hypertension, N (%)

18

(54.5%)

12

(46.2%)

26

(65.0%)

23

(60.5%)

0.466

  Diabetes mellitus, N (%)

12

(36.4%)

7

(26.9%)

21

(52.5%)

10

(26.3%)

0.067

  Hyperlipidemia, N (%)

7

(21.2%)

9

(34.6%)

21

(52.5%)

14

(36.8%)

0.053

  Peripheral or cardiac vasculopathya

0

(0.0%)

6

(23.1%)

7

(17.5%)

6

(15.8%)

0.052

  Atrial fibrillation, N (%)

4

(12.1%)

1

(3.8%)

2

(5.0%)

3

(7.9%)

0.588

  Number of vascular risk factors

1.0

(0.0–2.0)

0.5

(0.0–3.0)

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

1.0

(0.0–3.0)

0.091

Use of antiplatelet, N (%)

5

(15.2%)

5

(19.2%)

13

(32.5%)

13

(34.2%)

0.186

Use of anticoagulant, N (%)

3

(9.1%)

1

(3.8%)

2

(5.0%)

2

(5.3%)

0.826

MMSE

18.0

(12.5–21.5)

16.0

(12.5–21.0)

20.0

(16.0–22.8)

20.0

(14.0–22.5)

0.117

MoCA

12.0

(9.5–14.0)

9.0

(6.5–13.5)

14.0

(10.0–18.0)

14.5

(8.3–18.8)

0.045*

CDR

1.0

(0.5–1.0)

1.0

(0.8–1.0)

1.0

(0.5–1.0)

0.5

(0.5–1.0)

0.021*

CDR—sum of boxes

6.0

(3.6–8.0)

6.0

(4.3–7.5)

4.0

(3.0–5.5)

4.5

(3.0–5.4)

0.006**

Hippocampal sclerosis

16

(48.5%)

21

(80.8%)

1

(2.5%)

0

(0.0%)

 < 0.001**

Cortical superficial siderosis

1

(3.1%)

1

(3.8%)

1

(2.5%)

0

(0.0%)

0.724

CMB

1.0

(0.0–2.0)

0.0

(0.0–1.3)

1.0

(0.0–3.0)

0.0

(0.0–2.0)

0.677

  Lobar CMB

0.0

(0.0–1.0)

0.0

(0.0–1.0)

1.0

(0.0–1.5)

0.0

(0.0–1.0)

0.648

  Non-lobar CMB

0.0

(0.0–1.0)

0.0

(0.0–1.0)

0.0

(0.0–1.0)

0.0

(0.0–0.5)

0.945

Lacunae

0.0

(0.0–2.0)

0.5

(0.0–3.0)

1.0

(0.0–3.0)

0.0

(0.0–1.0)

0.023*

Periventricular WMH

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

2.0

(1.0–2.0)

1.5

(1.0–2.0)

1.0

(1.0–2.0)

0.013*

Deep WMH

1.0

(1.0–3.0)

1.5

(1.0–2.0)

1.0

(1.0–2.0)

1.0

(1.0–2.0)

0.248

WMH burden

5.0

(3.0–8.5)

5.0

(2.8–7.3)

5.0

(2.0–7.0)

4.0

(2.0–6.0)

0.298

BG PVSE

3.0

(2.0–3.5)

3.0

(2.0–3.0)

3.0

(2.0–3.0)

2.5

(2.0–3.0)

0.956

CSO PVSE

3.0

(2.5–4.0)

3.0

(2.0–3.0)

3.0

(2.0–4.0)

3.0

(2.0–3.0)

0.381

PVSE burden

6.0

(4.5–7.0)

6.0

(4.0–6.0)

5.0

(4.0–7.0)

5.0

(4.0–6.0)

0.527

Global SVD score

3.0

(2.0–4.0)

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

2.5

(2.0–4.0)

1.0

(1.0–3.0)

0.001**

CAA-SVD score

2.0

(1.0–2.0)

1.0

(1.0–2.0)

1.0

(1.0–2.0)

1.0

(0.0–1.0)

0.038*

HA-SVD score

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

1.0

(0.0–2.0)

0.002**

  1. Continuous variables, presented as median values and interquartile ranges, were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis test; categorical variables, presented as number of patients with percentage, were examined with the chi-square test
  2. Abbreviations: LP limbic-predominant type, HS hippocampal-sparing type, MA minimal-atrophy type, MMSE mini-mental state examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, CDR clinical dementia rating, CMB cerebral microbleeds, WMH white matter hyperintensity, BG basal ganglia, CSO centrum semiovale, PVSE perivascular space enlargement, SVD small vessel disease, CAA cerebral amyloid angiopathy, HA hypertensive arteriopathy
  3. *p < 0.05
  4. **p < 0.01
  5. aIncludes carotid artery stenosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193