| |
Duration of OC use (years)
|
Duration of HRT (years)
|
|---|
|
Never (n = 175,294)
|
< 1 (n = 19,927)
|
≥ 1 (n = 14,367)
|
P
|
Never (n = 167,530)
|
< 2 (n = 23,832)
|
2–5 (n = 9845)
|
≥ 5 (n = 8381)
|
P
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
62.96 ± 8.45
|
61.59 ± 7.37
|
62.70 ± 7.12
|
< 0.0001
|
63.62 ± 8.45
|
59.10 ± 6.87
|
59.35 ± 6.36
|
61.43 ± 60
|
< 0.0001
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
24.21 ± 3.18
|
24.35 ± 3.08
|
24.61 ± 3.12
|
< 0.001
|
24.33 ± 3.22
|
24.00 ± 2.96
|
23.78 ± 2.86
|
23.85 ± 2.79
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Systolic BP (mmHg)
|
125.55 ± 15.98
|
125.06 ± 15.71
|
126.15 ± 15.62
|
< 0.0001
|
126.30 ± 16.04
|
122.65 ± 15.08
|
122.07 ± 15.01
|
122.77 ± 15.19
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
|
76.82 ± 10.01
|
76.55 ± 9.99
|
76.82 ± 9.95
|
0.0019
|
77.14 ± 10.04
|
75.59 ± 9.80
|
75.20 ± 9.74
|
75.04 ± 9.68
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
|
100.52 ± 25.38
|
100.40 ± 24.65
|
101.41 ± 25.07
|
0.0002
|
101.29 ± 26.27
|
98.14 ± 20.76
|
97.26 ± 20.47
|
96.81 ± 20.59
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
206.66 ± 46.53
|
205.79 ± 41.49
|
204.82 ± 45.48
|
< 0.0001
|
207.16 ± 46.96
|
205.86 ± 44.10
|
202.37 ± 38.71
|
198.73 ± 38.30
|
< 0.0001
|
|
HDL (mg/dL)
|
57.38 ± 36.31
|
56.87 ± 30.07
|
56.86 ± 31.51
|
0.0468
|
57.30 ± 36.50
|
57.68 ± 32.82
|
57.26 ± 28.92
|
56.09 ± 27.50
|
0.0059
|
|
LDL (mg/dL)
|
125.19 ± 80.79
|
124.31 ± 60.11
|
123.64 ± 64.17
|
0.0309
|
125.16 ± 74.84
|
125.18 ± 60.46
|
123.93 ± 113.57
|
122.51 ± 121.11
|
0.0105
|
|
Smoking status
| | | |
0.208
| | | | |
< 0.0001
|
|
Never
|
168,431 (96.08)
|
19,019 (95.44)
|
13,638 (94.93)
| |
161,079 (96.15)
|
22,713 (95.30)
|
9334 (94.81)
|
7962 (95.00)
| |
|
Ex-smoker
|
1901 (1.08)
|
320 (1.61)
|
253 (1.76)
| |
1773 (1.06)
|
371 (1.56)
|
177 (1.80)
|
153 (1.83)
| |
|
Current smoker
|
4962 (2.83)
|
588 (2.95)
|
476 (3.31)
| |
4678 (2.79)
|
748 (3.14)
|
334 (3.39)
|
266 (3.17)
| |
|
Alcohol consumptiona
| | | |
< 0.0001
| | | | |
< 0.0001
|
|
None
|
158,564 (90.46)
|
17,410 (87.37)
|
12,499 (87.00)
| |
152,177 (90.84)
|
20,603 (86.45)
|
8447 (85.80)
|
7246 (86.46)
| |
|
Mild
|
15,998 (9.13)
|
2390 (11.99)
|
1759 (12.24)
| |
14,633 (8.73)
|
3085 (12.94)
|
1337 (13.58)
|
1092 (13.03)
| |
|
Heavy
|
732 (0.42)
|
127 (0.64)
|
109 (0.76)
| |
720 (0.43)
|
144 (0.60)
|
61 (0.62)
|
43 (0.51)
| |
|
Levels of income
| | | |
0.0034
| | | | |
< 0.0001
|
|
Medical aid + 1st quartile (the lowest)
|
36,339 (20.73)
|
4079 (20.47)
|
2833 (19.72)
| |
34,427 (20.55)
|
5190 (21.78)
|
2022 (20.54)
|
1612 (19.23)
| |
|
2nd quartile
|
30,713 (17.52)
|
3454 (17.33)
|
2435 (16.95)
| |
29,337 (17.51)
|
4276 (17.94)
|
1697 (17.24)
|
1292 (15.42)
| |
|
3rd quartile
|
44,113 (25.17)
|
5060 (25.39)
|
3610 (25.13)
| |
42,234 (25.21)
|
5957 (25.00)
|
2503 (25.42)
|
2089 (24.93)
| |
|
4th quartile (the highest)
|
64,129 (36.58)
|
7334 (36.80)
|
5489 (38.21)
| |
61,532 (36.73)
|
8409 (35.28)
|
3623 (36.80)
|
3388 (40.42)
| |
|
Regular exercise
|
30,862 (17.61)
|
4005 (20.10)
|
3028 (21.08)
|
< 0.0001
|
28,011 (16.72)
|
5330 (22.36)
|
2372 (24.09)
|
2182 (26.04)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Hypertension
|
91,855 (52.40)
|
10,346 (51.92)
|
8262 (57.51)
|
< 0.0001
|
91,657 (54.71)
|
10,477 (43.96)
|
4322 (43.90)
|
4007 (47.81)
| |
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
28,077 (16.02)
|
3155 (15.83)
|
2643 (18.40)
|
< 0.0001
|
28,809 (17.20)
|
2891 (12.13)
|
1121 (11.39)
|
1054 (12.58)
| |
|
Dyslipidemia
|
69,087 (39.41)
|
8101 (40.65)
|
6126 (42.64)
|
< 0.0001
|
67,068 (40.03)
|
9434 (39.59)
|
3712 (37.70)
|
3100 (36.99)
| |
|
Age at menarche (years)
|
16.57 ± 1.83
|
16.49 ± 1.83
|
16.56 ± 1.81
|
< 0.0001
|
16.63 ± 1.81
|
16.30 ± 1.86
|
16.25 ± 1.82
|
16.35 ± 1.84
| |
|
Age at menopause (years)
|
49.83 ± 4.15
|
50.13 ± 4.15
|
50.24 ± 4.19
|
< 0.0001
|
49.88 ± 4.14
|
50.07 ± 4.00
|
50.04 ± 4.18
|
49.41 ± 4.78
| |
|
Duration of fertility (years)
|
33.26 ± 4.54
|
33.65 ± 4.52
|
33.68 ± 4.54
|
< 0.0001
|
33.25 ± 4.55
|
33.78 ± 4.33
|
33.79 ± 4.43
|
33.06 ± 4.98
| |
|
Duration of OC use (years)
| | | | | | | | |
< 0.0001
|
|
Never
| | | | |
144,214 (86.08)
|
17,651 (74.06)
|
7295 (74.1)
|
6134 (73.19)
| |
|
< 1
| | | | |
13,738 (8.20)
|
3817 (16.02)
|
1301 (13.21)
|
1071 (12.78)
| |
|
≥ 1
| | | | |
9578 (5.72)
|
2364 (9.92)
|
1249 (12.69)
|
1176 (14.03)
| |
|
Duration of HRT (years)
| | | |
< 0.0001
| | | | | |
|
Never
|
144,214 (82.27)
|
13,738 (68.94)
|
9578 (66.67)
| | | | | | |
|
< 2
|
17,651 (10.07)
|
3817 (19.15)
|
2364 (16.45)
| | | | | | |
|
2–5
|
7295 (4.16)
|
1301 (6.53)
|
1249 (8.69)
| | | | | | |
|
≥ 5
|
6134 (3.50)
|
1071 (5.37)
|
1176 (8.19)
| | | | | | |
- Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, SD, or n (%)
- Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, OC oral contraceptives, HRT hormone replacement therapy
- aAlcohol consumption: mild = up to 30 g (equivalent to 3 drinks) a day; heavy = more than 30 g a day
