Table 3 Estimates of the direct and indirect effects of covariates on ADRD biomarkers and cognitive performances using structural equation models
From | To | β | (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct effects | ||||
Women | SVD | 0.016 | (− 0.068; 0.100) | 0.715 |
AD pathology | − 0.129 | (− 0.266; 0.008) | 0.067 | |
Neurodegeneration | − 0.603 | (− 0.677; − 0.529) | 0.000 | |
Cognition | − 0.193 | (− 0.296; − 0.091) | 0.000 | |
Age | SVD | 0.053 | (0.049; 0.057) | 0.000 |
AD pathology | 0.048 | (0.041; 0.055) | 0.000 | |
Neurodegeneration | 0.075 | (0.072; 0.078) | 0.000 | |
Cognition | 0.015 | (0.007; 0.024) | 0.001 | |
APOE e4 carrier | SVD | 0.085 | (− 0.004; 0.009) | 0.063 |
AD pathology | 0.835 | (0.703; 0.967) | 0.000 | |
Neurodegeneration | 0.199 | (0.117; 0.280) | 0.000 | |
Cognition | 0.023 | (− 0.097; 0.143) | 0.709 | |
Indirect effects | ||||
Women | Cognition through AD pathology | 0.034 | (− 0.004; 0.07) | 0.085 |
Cognition through SVD | − 0.001 | ( − 0.004; 0.003) | 0.724 | |
Cognition through neurodegeneration | 0.346 | (0.274; 0.418) | 0.000 | |
Age | Cognition through AD pathology | − 0.013 | ( − 0.018; − 0.007) | 0.000 |
Cognition through SVD | − 0.002 | (− 0.005; 0.001) | 0.150 | |
Cognition through neurodegeneration | − 0.043 | (− 0.050; − 0.036) | 0.000 | |
APOE e4 carrier | Cognition through AD pathology | − 0.220 | (− 0.312; − 0.129) | 0.000 |
Cognition through SVD | − 0.003 | (− 0.009; 0.002) | 0.255 | |
Cognition through neurodegeneration | − 0.114 | (− 0.165; − 0.064) | 0.000 | |