|
Groups
|
Aβ− NCs
|
Aβ+ NCs
|
aMCI
|
ADD
|
|---|
|
N
|
84
|
72
|
45
|
45
|
|
Age (years)
|
65.3 ± 5.5
|
67.2 ± 6.6#
|
69.6 ± 6.8**
|
73.9 ± 8.8***
|
|
Male
|
28 (33.3%)
|
24 (33.3%)#
|
21 (46.7%)#
|
15 (33.3%)#
|
|
Education
|
12.3 ± 3.3
|
13.4 ± 3.2#
|
11.0 ± 4.1#
|
10.8 ± 4.5#
|
|
MMSE (out of 30)
|
28.6 ± 1.7
|
28.7 ± 1.7#
|
24.1 ± 3.4***
|
17.3 ± 5.3***
|
|
MoCA-Basic (out of 30)
|
25.7 ± 2.3
|
26.6 ± 2.4#
|
20.1 ± 2.9***
|
11.6 ± 4.4***
|
|
AVLT-N5
|
7.7 ± 1.9
|
7.7 ± 2.3#
|
2.0 ± 1.6***
|
0.8 ± 1.2***
|
|
AVLT-N7
|
22.4 ± 1.6
|
22.6 ± 1.4#
|
16.9 ± 2.1***
|
15.0 ± 2.9***
|
|
STT-A
|
56.7 ± 16.4
|
55.9 ± 17.1#
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
STT-B
|
134.3 ± 38.4
|
131.3 ± 40.7#
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
AFT
|
18.4 ± 4.7
|
19.6 ± 5.0#
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
BNT
|
24.9 ± 3.3
|
25.8 ± 2.9#
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
APOE ε4 carries
|
23 (27.4%)
|
32 (44.4%)#
|
24 (53.3%)**
|
31 (68.9%)***
|
|
AV45 SUVR
|
1.096 ± 0.059
|
1.241 ± 0.060***
|
1.390 ± 0.085 (11Ava)***
|
1.419 ± 0.084 (12Ava)***
|
|
sMRI
|
75Ava (89.3%)
|
62Ava (86.1%)
|
27Ava (60.0%)
|
28Ava (62.2%)
|
|
Hp/TIV ratio
|
6.596 ± 1.944
|
6.304 ± 1.892#
|
5.534 ± 2.444*
|
4.066 ± 3.012***
|
|
Ent/TIV ratio
|
4.226 ± 1.251
|
3.933 ± 1.206#
|
3.479 ± 1.217*
|
2.317 ± 0.834***
|
|
PCC/TIV ratio
|
3.280 ± 1.840
|
3.456 ± 1.797#
|
3.651 ± 1.730#
|
4.320 ± 1.098#
|
|
Pre/TIV ratio
|
8.941 ± 4.337
|
9.340 ± 4.287#
|
9.557 ± 4.316#
|
11.337 ± 2.722#
|
- Data were summarized as numbers (%) or as means ± standard deviations for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Some patients with aMCI and ADD were enrolled before the end of 2016; they did not undergo the STT, AFT, and BNT scales, and some patients could not cooperate with and/or understand these tests. Thus, the results of these two groups are not listed. Indicators of sMRI were presented as the ratio of the regional volume to the TIV, multiplied by a factor of 1000. Statistical analyses were conducted using the chi-square test for categorical variables and the Kruskal–Wallis H test for continuous variables (independent two-sample t-test for STT-A/B, AFT, and BNT), followed by multiple post hoc comparisons (adjusted p value). Compared with the Aβ− NCs: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; #> 0.05
- Abbreviations: Aβ β-amyloid, NCs cognitively normal controls, aMCI amnestic mild cognitive impairment, ADD Alzheimer’s disease dementia, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA-B Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic Version, AVLT auditory verbal learning test, N5 AVLT-delayed memory, N7 AVLT-recognition, STT shape trails test, AFT animal fluency test, BNT Boston naming test, APOE apolipoprotein E, AV45 [18F]florbetapir, SUVR standardized uptake value ratio, sMRI structural magnetic resonance imaging, TIV total intracranial volume, HP hippocampus, Ent entorhinal cortex, PCC posterior cingulate cortex, Pre precuneus, Ava available, NA not available
