Table 1 Dementia risk and protective factors assessed in this study
From: Dynamic functional connectivity patterns associated with dementia risk
Risk or protective factor | Measure | Relation with dementia risk |
|---|---|---|
Clinical factors | ||
Diabetes | Fasting blood sugar (g/L) | Higher value = higher risk |
Obesity | BMI (kg/m2) | Higher value = lower risk |
Hypertension | Mean of 3 consecutive measures of systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Higher value = higher risk |
Hypercholesterolemia | LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | Higher value = higher risk |
Depressive symptoms | Geriatric Depression Scale total score [14] | Higher value = higher risk |
Lifestyle factors | ||
Engagement in stimulating activities across the lifespan (educational, occupational, leisure, social, and physical activities) | Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire sub-scores in early-life, mid-life, and late-life [15] | Higher value = lower risk |
Cognitive activity across the lifespan | Cognitive Activity Questionnaire sub-scores in early-life, mid-life, and late-life [16] | Higher value = lower risk |
Physical activity in the past 7 days | Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly total score [17] | Higher value = lower risk |
Smoking | Number of pack year | Higher value = higher risk |
Excessive alcohol consumption | Averaged number of unit per week | Higher value = higher risk |
Genetic factors | ||
APOE4 genotype | Number of APOE4 alleles | ≥ 1 APOE4 allele = higher risk |