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Table 2 Demographics, cognitive status, and AD imaging biomarkers of participants with and without internal carotid artery calcification in the baseline

From: Intracranial internal carotid artery calcification is not predictive of future cognitive decline

 

Calcification absent (n=64)

Calcification present (n=166)

p-value§§

Control/converter/impaired (n)

25/15/24

81/37/48

0.356

Age, years (mean±SD)

74.4±6.8

74.9±4.2

0.862

Sex

 Men (n (%))

22 (34.3)

99 (59.6)

0.001

 Women (n (%))

42 (65.7)

67 (40.4)

Race

 Caucasian (n (%))

50 (78.1)

147 (88.6)

0.110

 African-American (n (%))

12 (18.7)

13(7.8)

 Native American (n (%))

0 (0)

1 (0.6)

 Unknown (n (%))

2 (3.1)

5(3)

MMSE (median (Q1–Q3))§

29 (27–30)

29 (28–30)

0.061

CDR-SB (median (IQR))

0 (0.5)

0(1)

0.38

PACC score (median (Q1–Q3))§

0.039 (−0.23–0.23)

0.041 (−0.16–0.27)

0.334

WMH volume, mm3 (mean±SD)

15841±14220)

24424±23447

0.173

Total hippocampal volume, mm3 (mean±SD)

7052±878

7203±890

0.727

AD cortical signature thickness, mm (mean±SD)

2.5±0.17

2.5±0.11

0.771

Centiloid (mean±SD)

15.3±73.4

5.3±75.9

0.502

Amyloid positivity (negative/positive)

30/34

84/82

0.660

  1. Asterisks represent significant post hoc tests following the Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA models: *<0.05, **<0.005, and ***<0.0001 represent post hoc models showing a significant difference from the control group while #<0.05, ##<0.005, and ###<0.0001 show significant difference from the impaired group
  2. Abbreviations: Control, participants with CDR = 0 throughout all visits, Converter, participants converting from CDR = 0 to CDR > 0 in any of the follow-up visits, Impaired, participants with CDR > 0 in the baseline visit, MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination, CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, CDR-SB, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes, PACC, Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite, WMH volume, white matter hyperintensities volume, AA, African-American, C, Caucasian, Nat, Native American, U, unknown race, Ln ICA Ca score/volume, natural log-transformed internal carotid artery Agatston calcium score/volume, AD cortical signature thickness, cortical thickness in signature regions affected in Alzheimer disease (see Dincer et al. 2020), Centiloid, measure of global amyloid disposition based on conversion of PIB or AV45 PET SUVRs to a standardized scale. Amyloid positivity was defined based on Centiloid values > 16.4
  3. §Data is reported in form of mean ±standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed variables and as median plus the first and third quartiles (Q1–Q3) for variables without normal distribution. Normality was determined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test
  4. §§Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare MMSE and PACC scores between the two groups. Comparison for all other variables was conducted using an independent samples t-test. Bold values indicate test with statistical significance considering a threshold of 0.05
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193