Fig. 1From: Mendelian randomization highlights significant difference and genetic heterogeneity in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease GWAS and self-report proxy phenotype GWAXThe flow chart about the MR study design. GWAS, genome-wide association studies; GWAX, GWAS by proxy; GWAS+GWAX, meta-analyses of GWAS and GWAX; IVW, Inverse-variance weighted; MR-PRESSO, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlierBack to article page