Table 1 Baseline characteristics of non-participants and participants of the MAPT trial
Non-participants (N = 360) | Participants | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (N = 1270) | Non-adherent (N = 446) | Adherent (N = 778) | Non-part. vs. part. | Adh. vs. non-adh. | ||
Age (y), median [IQR] | 76 [72–80] | 75 [72–78] | 75 [72–78] | 74 [72–78] | < 0.001 | 0.033 |
Female, N (%) | 252 (70.8) | 810 (63.8) | 273 (61.2) | 508 (65.3) | 0.014 | 0.152 |
Level of education,a N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.540 | ||||
Low | 99 (28.5) | 247 (19.8) | 93 (21.3) | 144 (18.8) | ||
Intermediate | 126 (36.3) | 426 (34.1) | 143 (32.7) | 266 (34.6) | ||
High | 122 (35.2) | 577 (46.2) | 201 (46.0) | 358 (46.6) | ||
Household monthly income, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.108 | ||||
< 1000€ | 44 (14.3) | 79 (6.7) | 36 (9.0) | 38 (5.2) | ||
1000–1999€ | 116 (37.7) | 405 (34.6) | 140 (35.0) | 252 (34.4) | ||
2000–2999€ | 84 (27.3) | 346 (29.5) | 107 (26.8) | 226 (30.8) | ||
3000–3999€ | 40 (13.0) | 202 (17.3) | 67 (16.8) | 131 (17.9) | ||
> 4000€ | 24 (7.8) | 139 (11.9) | 50 (12.5) | 86 (11.7) | ||
Marital status, N (%) | 0.034 | 0.567 | ||||
Single | 35 (10.0) | 72 (5.7) | 21 (4.8) | 46 (6.0) | ||
Marriedb | 179 (51.1) | 703 (56.0) | 242 (54.9) | 439 (57.0) | ||
Widowed | 92 (26.3) | 325 (25.9) | 118 (26.8) | 195 (25.3) | ||
Separated | 44 (12.6) | 156 (12.4) | 60 (13.6) | 90 (11.7) | ||
Living alone, N (%) | 149 (42.8) | 495 (39.6) | 176 (40.3) | 301 (39.2) | 0.284 | 0.712 |
Current working status, N (%) | 0.367 | 0.615 | ||||
Full/part-time paid work | 6 (1.7) | 37 (2.9) | 12 (2.8) | 24 (3.1) | ||
Retired | 323 (92.8) | 1164 (92.5) | 409 (93.6) | 714 (92.1) | ||
Never worked | 19 (5.5) | 57 (4.5) | 16 (3.7) | 37 (4.8) | ||
Town popn. size > 200 000, N (%) | 243 (67.5) | 793 (62.4) | 297 (66.6) | 465 (59.8) | 0.078 | 0.018 |
First source of information about trial, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.018 | ||||
Doctor | 157 (44.7) | 349 (27.7) | 135 (30.8) | 199 (25.7) | ||
Media | 72 (20.5) | 437 (34.7) | 132 (30.1) | 293 (37.9) | ||
Intermediary c | 122 (34.8) | 472 (37.5) | 172 (39.2) | 282 (36.4) | ||
Family history of AD or related diseases,d N (%) | 0.006 | 0.872 | ||||
No | 213 (64.5) | 691 (56.7) | 237 (55.9) | 429 (57.3) | ||
Yes | 75 (22.7) | 378 (31.7) | 136 (32.1) | 236 (31.5) | ||
Do not know | 42 (12.7) | 141 (11.6) | 51 (12.0) | 84 (11.2) | ||
Subjective memory complaint, N (%) | 0.232 | 0.565 | ||||
No | 68 (20.2) | 203 (16.7) | 77 (18.1) | 122 (16.2) | ||
Yes | 236 (70.0) | 909 (74.6) | 309 (72.7) | 568 (75.5) | ||
Do not know | 33 (9.8) | 107 (8.8) | 39 (9.2) | 62 (8.2) | ||
Reporting of memory complaint, N (%) | 0.054 | 0.719 | ||||
Only to doctor | 61 (17.9) | 198 (16.0) | 72 (16.8) | 118 (15.5) | ||
Only to friends/family | 62 (18.2) | 309 (25.0) | 101 (23.6) | 196 (25.7) | ||
To doctor and friends/family | 82 (24.0) | 297 (24.0) | 98 (22.9) | 185 (24.3) | ||
To no one/no memory complaint | 136 (39.9) | 432 (35.0) | 157 (36.7) | 264 (34.6) | ||
Impact of memory problems on everyday life, N (%) | 0.245 | 0.057 | ||||
It bothers me a lot | 11 (3.2) | 55 (4.5) | 28 (6.5) | 23 (3.0) | ||
It bothers me a little | 122 (35.5) | 430 (34.8) | 137 (32.0) | 271 (35.7) | ||
It does not really bother me | 119 (34.6) | 460 (37.3) | 161 (37.6) | 287 (37.8) | ||
It does not bother me at all | 59 (17.2) | 210 (17.0) | 75 (17.5) | 127 (16.7) | ||
I do not have any memory problems | 33 (9.6) | 79 (6.4) | 27 (6.3) | 52 (6.8) | ||
Memory problem pointed out by friends/family, N (%) | 0.549 | 0.168 | ||||
Yes, very often | 14 (4.7) | 70 (6.3) | 32 (8.4) | 36 (5.3) | ||
Yes, sometimes | 115 (39) | 395 (35.7) | 131 (34.4) | 245 (35.9) | ||
Yes, rarely | 83 (28.1) | 337 (30.5) | 120 (31.5) | 204 (29.9) | ||
No | 83 (28.1) | 304 (27.5) | 98 (25.7) | 198 (29.0) | ||
Memory problems considered to be a risk, N (%) | 0.008 | 0.103 | ||||
Yes, it is a very big risk for developing diseases | 66 (20.1) | 324 (26.6) | 126 (30.1) | 190 (25.1) | ||
Yes, it could be a risk | 205 (62.3) | 753 (61.8) | 238 (56.8) | 485 (64.2) | ||
No, it is not a major risk | 48 (14.6) | 114 (9.4) | 44 (10.5) | 64 (8.5) | ||
No, it is not a risk at all | 10 (3.0) | 28 (2.3) | 11 (2.6) | 17 (2.3) | ||
Perceived risk of Alzheimer’s disease,e median [IQR] | 3.0 [2.8–3.5] | 3.3 [2.8–3.5] | 3.3 [2.9–3.8] | 3.3 [2.8–3.5] | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Perceived social support,e median [IQR] | 3.5 [2.8–4.0] | 3.3 [2.8–4.0] | 3.3 [2.8–3.8] | 3.3 [3.0–4.0] | 0.332 | 0.002 |
Emotional stability,e mean (SD) | 2.5 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.5 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.6) | 0.012 | 0.009 |
Internal locus of control,e mean (SD) | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.4) | 2.8 (0.4) | 2.8 (0.4) | 0.123 | 0.483 |
External locus of control (chance),e mean (SD) | 2.4 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.6) | 0.585 | 0.136 |
External locus of control (powerful others),e mean (SD) | 2.7 (0.6) | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.438 | 0.561 |
CDR 0.5, N (%) | N/A | 499 (40.8) | 191 (42.8) | 308 (39.6) | N/A | 0.275 |
APO4 ɛ4, N (%) | N/A | 230 (23.6) | 66 (22.8) | 164 (23.9) | N/A | 0.728 |
Hypercholesterolemia, N (%) | N/A | 352 (29.4) | 132 (30.1) | 220 (29.0) | N/A | 0.684 |
≥ 1 IADL limitation, N (%) | N/A | 58 (4.9) | 28 (6.5) | 30 (4.0) | N/A | 0.055 |
≥ 1 Fried frailty criteria, N (%) | N/A | 510 (43.7) | 208 (48.6) | 302 (40.8) | N/A | 0.010 |
CAIDE dementia risk score ≥ 6, N (%) | N/A | 1026 (86.1) | 378 (87.5) | 648 (85.3) | N/A | 0.284 |
BMI, N (%) | N/A | N/A | 0.041 | |||
18.5–24.9 | 522 (43.2) | 169 (38.6) | 353 (45.8) | |||
25–29.9 | 503 (41.6) | 193 (44.1) | 310 (40.2) | |||
≥ 30 | 184 (15.2) | 76 (17.4) | 108 (14.0) | |||
SBP, median [IQR] | N/A | 140 [130–152] | 140 [130–153] | 140 [130–151] | N/A | 0.492 |
DBP, mean (SD) | N/A | 79.3 (11.1) | 79.3 (11.3) | 79.3 (11.1) | N/A | 0.986 |
Cognitive composite score, mean (SD) | N/A | 0.07 (0.65) | − 0.04 (0.69) | 0.13 (0.61) | N/A | < 0.001 |
Depressive symptoms (GDS score), median [IQR] | N/A | 3 [1–4] | 3 [2–5] | 2 [1–4] | N/A | < 0.001 |
Subjective memory function, mean (SD) | N/A | 49.8 (16.8) | 50.8 (17.2) | 49.3 (16.5) | N/A | 0.130 |