Fig. 1
Plasma biomarkers in participants with different clinical cognitive status. Note: The ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey test were used for comparison of plasma Aβ1-40 & Aβ1-42 in six groups, while Welch test and the post hoc Games-Howell test were used to compare the plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, t-tau, NfL, and p-tau181 among six groups. Six extreme values were not shown in panel E, but they were included in the statistical analyses. The multiple corrected P values were presented with asterisks: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. NC, normal cognition; aMCI-s, amnestic mild cognitive impairment-single domain; aMCI-m, amnestic mild cognitive impairment-multiple domains; AD, Alzheimer’s disease clinical syndrome; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; Aβ, amyloid-beta protein; t-tau, total tau; NfL, neurofilament protein light chain; p-tau181, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181