Fig. 2

SLCP treatment decreased pyknotic cells and degenerated neurons in PFC and hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of 5xFAD mice. Six and twelve-month-old 5xFAD and age-matched control mice were treated with SLCP (100 mg/kg) or vehicle for 2 months at which they were euthanized, and their brains were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. The brains were embedded in paraffin and cut on a rotary microtome into 5-μm coronal sections which were stained with 0.1% cresyl violet. Images were taken through compound light microscope using  40x objectives (total magnification  400x). There was a significant increase in the percentage of pyknotic cells in the PFC (a, b), and in the EC (a, c) and CA1 (a, d) and CA3 (a, e) areas of hippocampus of the vehicle-treated 5xFAD mice, but these increases were mitigated by SLCP treatments. f Image with the white arrow indicating normal and the red arrow indicating pyknotic neurons. h–k Forty-micron coronal sections were stained with fluoro-jade C (FJC) solution (0.0001%). Images were taken using a fluorescent microscope with a  20x objective (total magnification = × 200). There were significant increases in the number of FJCs in PFC, and in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus in the vehicle-treated 5xFAD mice in both 6- (h, i) and 12-month-old (j, k) mice, whereas SLCP treatment prevented these increases. g Yellow arrow indicating FJB positive degenerated neuron. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 in comparison to WT + vehicle, 5xFAD + SLCP, and WT + SLCP. Red arrows indicate FJC-positive degenerated neurons. Large fluorescent signals are Aβ plaques. Scale bar = 100 μm and is applicable to all images