Table 1 Characteristic of the study cohort at baseline in middle-aged and older adults from CHARLS
Characteristic | Value (n = 8204) |
|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 60.09 ± 6.37 |
Male sex, n (%) | 4289 (52.3) |
Educational level, n (%) | |
No formal education | 3551 (43.3) |
Primary school | 2011 (24.5) |
Middle or high school | 2270 (27.7) |
College or above | 372 (4.5) |
Married, n (%) | 7310 (89.1) |
Rural residence, n (%) | 4906 (59.8) |
High household income, n (%) | 2351 (28.7) |
Current smoker, n (%) | 2757 (33.6) |
Current drinker, n (%) | 2856 (34.8) |
Poor self-report of health, n (%) | 2107 (25.7) |
Depressive symptoms, n (%) | 2854 (34.8) |
Restriction on ADL, n (%) | 1157 (14.1) |
Visual impairment, n (%) | 464 (5.7) |
Hearing impairment, n (%) | 600 (7.3) |
Comorbidity, n (%)* | |
0 | 1166 (14.2) |
1 | 1941 (23.7) |
≥ 2 | 5097 (62.1) |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 23.54 ± 3.92 |
Social activity scores, n (%) | |
0 | 4919 (60.0) |
1–2 | 1460 (17.8) |
≥ 3 | 1825 (22.2) |
Intellectual activity scores, n (%) | |
0 | 6407 (78.1) |
1–2 | 1193 (14.5) |
≥ 3 | 604 (7.4) |
Global cognitive scores, mean ± SD | 11.71 ± 3.43 |
Mental intactness scores, mean ± SD | 7.82 ± 2.64 |
Episodic memory scores, mean ± SD | 3.89 ± 1.61 |