Fig. 2
From: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome: a promising alternative in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease
The cargo and therapeutic role of MSC-exos in AD. MSC-exos are a subtype of extracellular microvesicles characterized by a lipid bilayer membrane structure with a diameter of 30–100 nm. Exosomes generally include active cargos such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In particular, MSC-exos carry Aβ degradation-related enzyme (NEP, IDE). The arrows show the therapeutic role of MSC-exos in AD, including Aβ degradation, immunomodulation, neuroprotection, and microenvironment effect