Table 1 Summary of the operational definitions of the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors

 ▪ Age: class 1935–1937

 ▪ Sex: females

 ▪ APOE: ε4 carriers

 ▪ Low education: ≤ 5 years of formal education

 ▪ Obesity: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²

 ▪ Hypertension: systolic blood pressure > 130 mmHg

  OR diastolic blood pressure > 80 mmHg

  OR antihypertensive medication

 ▪ Diabetes: fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL

  OR diabetes treatment

 ▪ Depression: DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of major depression or dysthymia OR at least 3 of these features: (i) history of depression, (ii) depression treatment, (iii) GDS ≥ 8, and (iv) self-reported depressed mood during the last week.

 ▪ Smoking: current smokers

 ▪ Physical inactivity: absence of any weekly vigorous or moderate leisure time physical activity

 ▪ Hearing loss: evaluated by the physician with the Whispered Voice Test

 ▪ Loneliness: feeling lonely during the last week

 ▪ Heart disease: anamnestic diagnosis

 ▪ Stroke: anamnestic diagnosis

 ▪ Head injury: anamnestic diagnosis

 ▪ Delirium: anamnestic diagnosis