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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, by outcome (progression to any dementia)

From: Progression to dementia in memory clinic patients with mild cognitive impairment and normal β-amyloid

Characteristics

Data available

All (N = 318)

Progression to dementia (N = 121)

No progression to dementia (N = 197)

P value

Demographics

 Age, years

318

64.8 (9.1)

67.9 (8.3)

63.0 (9.1)

< 0.001

 Female

318

174 (54.7%)

64 (52.9%)

110 (55.8%)

0.61

 Education, years

293

11.7 (3.7)

11.7 (3.5)

11.7 (3.9)

0.97

 Follow-up time, years

318

2.8 (1.9)

2.9 (1.9)

2.8 (1.9)

0.83

Cognition

 MMSE score

315

27.1 (2.5)

27.0 (2.3)

27.1 (2.7)

0.72

 RAVLT, immediate recall score

215

34.6 (9.8)

30.6 (8.4)

37.5 (9.7)

< 0.001

 RAVLT, delayed recall score

235

5.6 (3.3)

4.2 (2.9)

6.5 (3.3)

< 0.001

Biomarkers

 CSF Aβ42, pg/ml

318

849.1 (293.6)

703.7 (222.5)

938.5 (296.7)

< 0.001

 CSF t-tau, pg/ml

317

335.5 (184.9)

418.0 (193.5)

284.5 (159.7)

< 0.001

 CSF p-tau, pg/ml

317

58.0 (25.1)

65.7 (22.8)

53.3 (25.4)

< 0.001

 Abnormal t-tau (≥ 400 pg/ml)

317

92 (29.0%)

55 (45.5%)

37 (18.9%)

< 0.001

 Abnormal p-tau (≥ 80 pg/ml)

317

60 (18.9%)

31 (25.6%)

29 (14.8%)

0.02

 CSF Aβ42/t-tau ratio

317

3.4 (2.0)

2.2 (1.4)

4.1 (2.0)

< 0.001

 CSF Aβ42/p-tau ratio

317

18.0 (10.4)

12.5 (6.9)

21.4 (10.7)

< 0.001

 MTA score

237

1.1 (0.8)

1.3 (0.7)

1.0 (0.8)

0.001

 MTA score > 1

237

84 (35.4%)

45 (46.9%)

39 (27.7%)

0.002

Vascular factors

 Systolic BP, mmHg

245

143.5 (19.2)

148.4 (21.7)

140.6 (17.1)

0.002

 Diastolic BP, mmHg

245

83.4 (10.5)

84.7 (10.5)

82.6 (10.5)

0.13

 BMI, kg/m2

205

26.0 (4.0)

25.5 (4.0)

26.3 (4.0)

0.23

 Current smoking

287

41 (14.3%)

15 (13.5%)

26 (14.8%)

0.77

 Hypertension

318

130 (40.9%)

54 (44.6%)

76 (38.6%)

0.29

 Hyperlipidemia

318

93 (29.3%)

40 (33.1%)

53 (26.9%)

0.24

 Diabetes

318

53 (16.7%)

20 (16.5%)

33 (16.8%)

0.96

 CAIDE risk score

174

7.5 (2.5)

7.9 (2.1)

7.4 (2.6)

0.18

 CAIDE risk score with APOE

91

9.4 (2.4)

9.8 (2.4)

9.2 (2.4)

0.22

Other factors

 APOE ε4 carrier

171

86 (50.3%)

44 (65.7%)

42 (40.4%)

0.001

 Family history of dementia

306

119 (38.9%)

47 (39.8%)

72 (38.3%)

0.79

 Cornell score

248

6.1 (4.7)

5.2 (4.2)

6.6 (4.9)

0.02

  1. Data are mean (SD) or N (%). P values are shown for comparisons between patients who developed/did not develop dementia. P values < 0.05 are italicized. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were defined as diagnosis of hypertension/hyperlipidemia and treatment with any antihypertensive/lipid-lowering drug. Family history of dementia included at least one affected first-degree relative. APOE apolipoprotein E, Aβ42 β-amyloid 1–42, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CAIDE Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia Study, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MTA medial temporal lobe atrophy, visual rating, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, p-tau tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, t-tau total tau
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193