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Table 1 Soluble TNF neutralization reverts increased insulin plasma levels in presence of diet-induced metabolic inflammation

From: Targeting soluble tumor necrosis factor as a potential intervention to lower risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes

 

CD Saline

CD XPro

HFHC Saline

HFHC XPro

Insulin (ng/mL)

0.91 ± 0.13 a

1.89 ± 0.38 a

6.97 ± 1.63 b

2.76 ± 0.62 a

Leptin (ng/mL)

4.80 ± 0.64 a

6.90 ± 1.32 a

84.46 ± 24.84 b

67.45 ± 16.10 b

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

88.88 ± 22.79 a

79.00 ± 5.23 a

234.80 ± 35.87 b

183.81 ± 24.91 b

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

38.53 ± 7.41 ab

57.35 ± 6.70 a

31.49 ± 4.65 b

29.77 ± 2.77 b

IL-6 (pg/mL)

1.80 ± 0.57 a

1.94 ± 0.41 a

7.82 ± 1.48 b

5.22 ± 0.93 ab

Lcn2 (ug/mL)

56.01 ± 7.03 ac

39.11 ± 2.53 a

80.92 ± 6.75 b

72.18 ± 6.36 bc

  1. *Values are presented as an average with standard deviation. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons in GraphPad Prism 6. Letters indicate post hoc analysis. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other, P < 0.05. ELISA measurement of fasting plasma collected at endpoint. Insulin (n = 10, diet effect P = 0.0005, XPro effect P = 0.007), leptin (n = 10, diet effect P < 0.0001), cholesterol (n = 5–6, diet effect P < 0.0001), triglycerides (n = 5–7, P = 0.0057), IL-6 (n = 10, diet effect P = 0.0001), and LCN2 (n = 10, diet effect P < 0.0001, XPro effect P = 0.0397)