Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics between reverters and non-reverters
Reverters (n = 12,897) | Non-reverters (n = 24,649) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.6 (3.6) | 73.0 (5.6) | < 0.01 |
Sex (% male) | 55.6 | 52.9 | < 0.01 |
Education (years) | 11.7 (2.4) | 11.0 (2.5) | < 0.01 |
Current smoking (% yes) | 9 | 11.4 | < 0.01 |
Heart disease (% yes) | 18.3 | 17.1 | < 0.01 |
Pulmonary disease (% yes) | 8.1 | 9.1 | < 0.01 |
Hypertension (% yes) | 43.4 | 49.6 | < 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus (% yes) | 13.8 | 15.8 | < 0.01 |
Walking speed (m/s) | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | < 0.01 |
Mini-mental state examination (points) | 26.9 (1.8) | 26.3 (1.8) | < 0.01 |
Geriatric depression scale (points) | 2.7 (2.4) | 3.3 (2.7) | < 0.01 |
Category of MCI | < 0.01 | ||
Amnestic MCI single domain | 16.3 | 13.2 | < 0.01 |
Non-amnestic MCI single domain | 71.2 | 57.5 | < 0.01 |
Amnestic MCI multiple domain | 5.3 | 7.5 | < 0.01 |
Non-amnestic MCI multiple domain | 7.2 | 21.8 | < 0.01 |
Instrumental activities of daily living (% yes) | |||
Going outdoors using bus and train | 90.4 | 88.8 | < 0.01 |
Cash handling and banking | 89.1 | 88.4 | 0.08 |
Driving a car | 76.8 | 62.7 | < 0.01 |
Using map to go unfamiliar place | 63.7 | 54.9 | < 0.01 |
Cognitive activity (% yes) | |||
Reading of book or newspaper | 96.5 | 92.9 | < 0.01 |
Cognitive stimulation such as board game and learning | 46.6 | 42.9 | < 0.01 |
Culture lesson | 43.3 | 37.4 | < 0.01 |
Using personal computer | 33.3 | 23.4 | < 0.01 |
Social activity (% yes) | |||
Daily conversation | 96.4 | 94.9 | < 0.01 |
Giving someone a helping hand | 91.2 | 89 | < 0.01 |
Attending a meeting in the community | 55.9 | 50.6 | < 0.01 |
Hobby or sports activity | 74.5 | 66.8 | < 0.01 |
Productive activity (% yes) | |||
Housecleaning | 88.5 | 87.3 | < 0.01 |
Field work or gardening | 74.6 | 72 | < 0.01 |
Taking care of grandchild or pet | 59 | 52 | < 0.01 |
Working | 33.8 | 28.7 | < 0.01 |