Table 1 Participant characteristics
From: The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in Alzheimer’s disease
Sample characteristic | All | Control | MCI | AD dementia |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 410 | 335 | 35 | 40 |
Age (years) | 63.8 ± 9.0 | 61.9 ± 7.9 | 73.2 ± 8.5 | 71.9 ± 8.6 |
Sex (% female) | 63 (258/410) | 69 (231/335) | 31 (11/35) | 40 (16/40) |
APOE ε4 genotype, % positive (n) | 43 (178/410) | 39 (130/335) | 54 (19/35) | 73 (29/40) |
AD parental history, % positive (n) | 58 (236/410) | 64 (214/335) | 31 (11/35) | 28 (11/40) |
Ethnicity, % Caucasian (n) | 97 (396/410) | 96 (321/335) | 100 (35/35) | 100 (40/40) |
Education (years) | 15.9 ± 2.6 | 16.1 ± 2.5 | 16.3 ± 2.7 | 14.7 ± 2.8 |
Body mass index (BMI) | 28.3 ± 5.5 | 28.5 ± 5.7 | 28.2 ± 4.4 | 26.6 ± 3.9 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128 ± 17 | 125 ± 16 | 130 ± 18 | 134 ± 16 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 76 ± 10 | 75 ± 9 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 195 ± 37 | 199 ± 46 | 184 ± 44 | 190 ± 37 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 62 ± 18 | 64 ± 39 | 57 ± 19 | 56 ± 14 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 97 ± 20 | 99 ± 51 | 99 ± 15 | 100 ± 18 |
CSF data | ||||
TMAO (SIU) | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 2.9 |
p-tau (pg/ml) | 49.3 ± 22.0 | 45.1 ± 16.4 | 61.3 ± 36.2 | 74.7 ± 26.9 |
p-tau/Aβ42 | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.14 ± 0.11 | 0.21 + 0.09 |
Aβ42/Aβ40 | 0.086 ± 0.024 | 0.090 ± 0.022 | 0.076 ± 0.028 | 0.062 ± 0.022 |
t-tau (pg/ml) | 370 ± 228 | 310 ± 141 | 552 ± 338 | 722 ± 300 |
NFL (pg/ml) | 841 ± 655 | 705 ± 489 | 1247 ± 863 | 1628 ± 935 |
Neurogranin (pg/ml) | 352 ± 208 | 328 ± 182 | 430 ± 308 | 488 ± 244 |