Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients and control subjects

Age (years)

67.3 (6.2)^b,c,d,e

71.8 (7.9)^d

71.4 (8.7)^d

75.2 (7.8)

79.3 (6.1)

p < 0.001

Gender (M/F), n

29/36

22/17

29/21

17:30

15:32

p = 0.037

Handedness (R:L), n

60:5

37:2

50:0

47:0

47:0

p = 0.019

Ethnicity (C:M:I:O), n

60/2/3/0

34/1/4/0

38/8/2/2

38/6/1/2

34/9/4/0

p = 0.016

CDR global

0.1 (0.2)

0.4 (0.2)

0.4 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

1.3 (0.5)

p < 0.001

CDR sum of boxes

0.1 (0.2)^d,e

0.9 (0.7)^d,e

0.9 (0.9)^d,e

6.2 (2.2)

6.9 (2.9)

p < 0.001

MMSE

27.4 (2.0)^b,c,d,e

24.4 (3.5)^d,e

23.6 (3.6)^d,e

16.6 (5.2)

16.4 (4.4)

p < 0.001

GDS

1.57 (2.11)^e

1.74 (2.71)

2.52 (3.02)

2.40 (2.29)

3.21 (3.16)

p = 0.015

WMH, cm³

1.97 (1.67)^c,e

3.23 (3.11)^c,e

14.53 (14.74)^d

5.30 (4.84)^e

18.11 (13.42)

p < 0.001

n = 57

n = 39

n = 49

n = 37

n = 34

Overall ANOVA

Executive

0.81 (0.40)^b,c,d,e

0.27 (0.70)^d,e

0.01 (0.71)^d,e

−0.93 (1.08)

−1.07 (0.98)

p < 0.001

Attention

0.63 (0.42)^b,c,d,e

0.11 (0.56)^d,e

−0.005 (0.52)^d,e

−0.69 (0.91)

−0.62 (0.67)

p < 0.001

Language

0.81 (0.44)^b,c,d,e

0.14 (0.55)^d,e

0.03 (0.48)^d,e

−0.88 (0.86)

−0.97 (0.70)

p < 0.001

Verbal memory

0.092 (0.47)^b,c,d,e

−0.13 (0.64)^d,e

−0.13 (0.59)^d,e

−0.86 (0.51)

−0.88 (0.30)

p < 0.001

Visual memory

0.97 (0.37)^b,c,d,e

−0.12 (0.49)^d,e

−0.13 (0.39)^d,e

−0.92 (0.50)

−0.90 (0.46)

p < 0.001

Visuoconstruction

0.83 (0.37)^b,c,d,e

0.21 (0.61)^d,e

−0.07 (0.65)^d,e

−0.79 (0.93)

−0.91 (0.76)

p < 0.001

Visuomotor

0.85 (0.47)^b,c,d,e

0.18 (0.68)^d,e

−0.10 (0.68)^d,e

−0.85 (0.74)

−0.89 (0.66)

p < 0.001