Fig. 3

cAMP and pCREB levels in the hippocampus are increased after PDE7 inhibition in APP/PS1 and wild-type mice. a Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in the hippocampus of both S14-treated mice groups compared to untreated mice. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6–7 mice/group; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. b,c Representative immunoblots and quantified levels of phosphorylated (p) and total cAMP-response element binding (CREB) protein. pCREB levels were reduced in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, whereas S14 treatment increased pCREB expression in wild-type (wt) and APP/PS1 mice compared with vehicle-treated groups. Levels of total CREB remained unchanged. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6–7 mice/group; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. Statistical significance was assessed by two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. Veh vehicle