Disease-related determinants are associated with mortality in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

Rhodius-Meester, Hanneke F. M.; Liedes, Hilkka; Koene, Ted; Lemstra, Afina W.; Teunissen, Charlotte E.; Barkhof, Frederik; Scheltens, Philip; van Gils, Mark; Lötjönen, Jyrki; van der Flier, Wiesje M.

doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0348-0

Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Table 4 Cox proportional hazards models used to evaluate influence of cognitive performance, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid at baseline on survival

From: Disease-related determinants are associated with mortality in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

	Model 1 unadjusted		Model 2 adjusted for age and sex		Model 3: model 2 plus MMSE and duration of complaints
	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value
Cognitive tests
MMSE^a	1.11 (0.97–1.28)	0.131	1.23 (1.07–1.42)	0.005	1.25 (1.08–1.44)	0.003
Digit span forward^a	1.07 (0.93–1.23)	0.362	1.10 (0.95–1.26)	0.207	1.03 (0.89–1.20)	0.651
Digit span backward^a	1.21 (1.05–1.40)	0.008	1.31 (1.13–1.52)	0.000	1.24 (1.06–1.46)	0.009
VAT naming^a	1.15 (1.01–1.31)	0.037	1.14 (1.01–1.30)	0.042	1.11 (0.97–1.27)	0.136
VAT memory^a	1.01 (0.88–1.15)	0.937	1.07 (0.93–1.23)	0.360	1.02 (0.88–1.19)	0.790
TMT-A	1.21 (1.07–1.37)	0.003	1.29 (1.14–1.47)	0.000	1.23 (1.08–1.41)	0.003
TMT-B	1.19 (1.05–1.35)	0.006	1.28 (1.13–1.45)	0.000	1.21 (1.06–1.40)	0.005
RAVLT, immediate recall^a	1.23 (1.06–1.43)	0.008	1.19 (1.02–1.38)	0.025	1.11 (0.95–1.30)	0.193
RAVLT, delayed recall^a	0.96 (0.84–1.10)	0.533	0.96 (0.83–1.10)	0.507	0.90 (0.78–1.04)	0.154
Category fluency^a	1.17 (1.02–1.37)	0.045	1.17 (1.01–1.36)	0.041	1.10 (0.94–1.29)	0.243
MRI
MTA	1.26 (1.10–1.44)	0.001	1.18 (1.02–1.37)	0.030	1.15 (0.98–1.34)	0.081
PA	1.12 (0.97–1.30)	0.113	1.10 (0.95–1.28)	0.192	1.12 (0.96–1.29)	0.143
GCA	1.21 (1.05–1.40)	0.008	1.18 (1.01–1.37)	0.037	1.17 (1.00–1.36)	0.044
WMH	1.16 (1.01–1.33)	0.041	1.07 (0.92–1.25)	0.364	1.05 (0.90–1.22)	0.518
Lacunes present^b	1.15 (0.77–1.71)	0.505	1.10 (0.73–1.66)	0.634	1.17 (0.76–1.79)	0.485
Microbleed categories
Microbleeds, 1–2	0.82 (0.49–1.37)	0.450	0.72 (0.43–1.19)	0.195	0.69 (0.42–1.16)	0.163
Microbleeds, ≥ 3	1.09 (0.80–1.47)	0.598	1.03 (0.76–1.40)	0.840	1.01 (0.74–1.37)	0.956
Infarcts present^b	1.11 (0.63–2.00)	0.710	1.15 (0.64–2.05)	0.641	1.11 (0.60–2.05)	0.727
CSF
Aβ₄₂^a	0.98 (0.84–1.14)	0.765	1.02 (0.87–1.18)	0.850	0.99 (0.86–1.16)	0.943
tau	1.05 (0.91–1.22)	0.504	1.09 (0.94–1.27)	0.275	1.07 (0.92–1.26)	0.369
p-tau	1.06 (0.92–1.23)	0.426	1.09 (0.94–1.26)	0.242	1.08 (0.93–1.26)	0.316

Abbreviations: MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, VAT Visual Association Test, TMT Trail Making Test, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, MTA Medial temporal lobe atrophy, PA Parietal atrophy, GCA Global cortical atrophy, WMH White matter hyperintensities score 3, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, Aβ₄₂ β-Amyloid 1–42, p-tau Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181
Data are presented as HR (95% CI) using pooled data of 15 imputations per SD increase for continuous variables or for the presence of the dichotomous variable for mortality
^a Because a lower score indicates worse performance, these scores were inverted
^b Dichotomous variable

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ISSN: 1758-9193

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