Table 4 Association between anemia and new cognitive decline after 4-year follow-up among individuals with normal cognitive function at baseline (n = 8988)

Anemia^b

1.32 (1.09–1.60)

1.30 (1.03–1.62)

Female sex

1.73 (1.39–2.16)

  < 18.5

0.86 (0.47–1.56)

 18.5–24.9

1.00

  ≥ 25

1.04 (0.88–1.23)

 Never

1.00

 Former

1.29 (0.97–1.71)

 Current

1.37 (1.02–1.83)

  ≤ 20 (low)

1.00

 30–50

1.18 (0.91–1.53)

 60–80

1.17 (0.91–1.49)

  ≥ 90 (high)

1.12 (0.87–1.44)

Disability

2.88 (0.62–13.30)

Depressive symptoms

1.33 (1.11–1.60)

Hypertension

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

Diabetes

0.98 (0.78–1.23)

Dyslipidemia

0.92 (0.73–1.16)