| |
Education
|
Age (years)
|
|---|
| |
Low
|
Middle
|
High
| | |
60–69
|
70–79
| ≧ 80 | | |
|---|
|
Variables
|
N = 61
|
N = 118
|
N = 97
|
P value a
|
P
trend
|
N = 171
|
N = 91
|
N = 14
|
P value a
|
P
trend
|
|---|
|
Age (years ± SD)
|
67.77 ± 5.63
|
68.58 ± 6.59
|
67.23 ± 5.62
|
0.2572
|
0.4378
|
63.96 ± 2.91a
|
73.27 ± 2.79b
|
81.57 ± 2.44c
|
< 0.0001***
|
< 0.0001***
|
|
Male (%)
|
20 (32.79%)
|
53 (44.92%)
|
63 (64.95%)
|
0.0002**
| |
77 (45.03%)
|
48 (52.75%)
|
11 (78.57%)
|
0.0392*
| |
|
Education (years ± SD)
|
5.66 ± 1.35a
|
10.74 ± 1.53b
|
15.76 ± 1.21c
|
< 0.0001***
|
< 0.0001***
|
11.52 ± 4.10
|
11.16 ± 3.96
|
11.00 ± 3.33
|
0.7403
|
0.4450
|
|
Total Score
|
23.39 ± 3.87a
|
25.28 ± 3.38b
|
26.62 ± 2.58c
|
< 0.0001***
|
< 0.0001***
|
25.94 ± 3.09a
|
24.62 ± 3.66b
|
22.64 ± 4.09b
|
0.0001**
|
< 0.0001***
|
|
Visuospatial
|
3.38 ± 1.08a
|
3.93 ± 1.02b
|
4.40 ± 0.77c
|
< 0.0001***
|
< 0.0001***
|
4.03 ± 1.00
|
3.95 ± 1.02
|
3.50 ± 1.34
|
0.1696
|
0.1116
|
|
Naming
|
2.59 ± 0.78a
|
2.74 ± 0.55
|
2.90 ± 0.37b
|
0.0032**
|
0.0007**
|
2.80 ± 0.52
|
2.70 ± 0.62
|
2.64 ± 0.74
|
0.3096
|
0.1281
|
|
Memory1
|
3.62 ± 1.22a
|
4.07 ± 1.04b
|
4.25 ± 0.89b
|
0.0022**
|
0.0008**
|
4.15 ± 1.02
|
3.86 ± 1.06
|
3.50 ± 1.31
|
0.0269*
|
0.0072**
|
|
Memory2
|
4.41 ± 0.95a
|
4.57 ± 0.76
|
4.80 ± 0.73b
|
0.0405*
|
0.0117*
|
4.64 ± 0.80a
|
4.64 ± 0.67a
|
4.10 ± 1.37b
|
0.1198
|
0.1813
|
|
Attention1
|
1.80 ± 0.44
|
1.82 ± 0.45
|
1.91 ± 0.29
|
0.1816
|
0.0855
|
1.88 ± 0.36a
|
1.86 ± 0.38a
|
1.43 ± 0.65b
|
0.0002**
|
0.0050*
|
|
Attention2
|
0.92 ± 0.28
|
0.95 ± 0.22
|
0.97 ± 0.17
|
0.3658
|
0.1602
|
0.96 ± 0.20a
|
0.95 ± 0.23
|
0.86 ± 0.36
|
0.2435
|
0.1686
|
|
Attention3
|
2.80 ± 0.48
|
2.84 ± 0.45
|
2.89 ± 0.35
|
0.4668
|
0.2186
|
2.87 ± 0.38
|
2.79 ± 0.51
|
2.93 ± 0.27
|
0.2670
|
0.4875
|
|
Language1
|
0.92 ± 0.78a
|
1.18 ± 0.74a
|
1.55 ± 0.56b
|
< 0.0001***
|
< 0.0001***
|
1.35 ± 0.68a
|
1.15 ± 0.80
|
0.71 ± 0.47b
|
0.0022**
|
0.0008**
|
|
Language2
|
0.84 ± 0.37
|
0.75 ± 0.43
|
0.85 ± 0.36
|
0.1927
|
0.6787
|
0.86 ± 0.35a
|
0.75 ± 0.44
|
0.50 ± 0.52b
|
0.0011**
|
0.0004**
|
|
Abstraction
|
0.79 ± 0.76a
|
1.26 ± 0.76b
|
1.68 ± 0.55c
|
< 0.0001***
|
< 0.0001***
|
1.40 ± 0.72a
|
1.11 ± 0.82b
|
1.36 ± 0.74
|
0.0115*
|
0.0297*
|
|
Delayed Recall
|
2.49 ± 1.76a
|
2.94 ± 1.67a
|
3.52 ± 1.63b
|
0.0008**
|
0.0002**
|
3.27 ± 1.63a
|
2.73 ± 1.81b
|
2.35 ± 1.74
|
0.0149*
|
0.0039**
|
|
Orientation
|
5.89 ± 0.37
|
5.96 ± 0.20
|
5.97 ± 0.17
|
0.0828
|
0.0472*
|
5.95 ± 0.21a
|
5.97 ± 0.18a
|
5.71 ± 0.61b
|
0.0010*
|
0.0560
|
-
MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SD standard deviation
- *: P < 0.05 ; **: P < 0.01 ; ***: P < 0.0001
-
a. Tested by ANOVA with Scheffe’s test and χ2 test
