Figure 1

Change in delayed recall performance on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised (HVLT-R) as a function of age for HIV ⁺ and HIV ⁻ groups. The HIV⁺ group showed performance declines with increasing age, whereas the HIV⁻ group had either stable or slight improvements in recall over 1 year, showing a clear interaction between age and HIV effects on verbal recall. Results are displayed as means with 95% confidence bands. Change is defined as the difference between baseline and follow-up scores (12 months - 0 months).